Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana
Ano de defesa: | 2015 |
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Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
|
Departamento: |
Agronomia
|
País: |
BR
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3373 |
Resumo: | Areas at steep slopes in the catchments with high occupation by family farmers in Southern Brazil, even with a high surface covered with regenerated forests, are characterized by the persistence of sources of rural and urban pollution that are undermining the quality of aquatic systems. The unfair use of soil outside its capability, the adoption of inadequate soil tillage systems, the integrated system of animal production (poultry and swine) in quantities environmentally intolerable and the untreated domestic sewage from small villages are the main factors responsible for the input of high amounts of phosphorus into watercourses. In this context, the present doctoral thesis aims (i) monitoring the temporal variation in sediment-bound phosphorus in sub-catchments under different land-use and soil tillage systems and (ii) assessment of the potential of sediments from rural and urban sources to behave as source or sink of phosphorus for aquatic systems. In the Guaporé River catchment, six representative headwater sub-catchments with contrasting land-use and soil management were monitored. The selected sub-catchments were characterized by: (i) predominance of native forest (control); (ii) predominance of areas transformed to agriculture recently, but under conventional tillage CT (sub1); (iii) areas under CT, but with predominance of Ilex plantations (sub2); (iv) predominance of tobacco cultivation of long term under CT (sub3); (v) intensive agriculture under no-tillage NT (sub4); and (vi) intensive agriculture under NT and receiving untreated sewage of a twenty thousand inhabitant town (sub5). In addition, five points of the main river (P1 to P5) were monitored: the first one is located near to the junction of the sub-catchments 4 and 5, and the last one at the outlet of the watershed. Suspended and bed sediments were collected, comprising ten field campaigns performed in the monitoring period of 24 months (October 2012 to October 2014). The different fractions of phosphorus (P) of sediment were analyzed considering the bioavailability. The P sorption-desorption parameters in the sediments were estimated. The conversion of native forest for annual crops production areas promotes the production of sediments with higher amounts of total, inorganic and labile phosphorus. The values of maxima phosphorus adsorption capacity, instantaneous available and potentially available phosphorus forms, desorption rate and mobility index of phosphorus in sediments collected in the different sub-catchments in the following order: native forest < CT < CT with the intensive production of tobacco < NT < NT in the rural area plus urban sewage. A highly positive correlation was observed between different phosphorus fractions (especially the labile phosphorus), as well as different parameters of sorption/desorption, and amounts of iron and aluminum in sediments. It was found the highest amount of labile phosphorus in sediments collected at the end of winter and beginning of spring, particularly in the areas where tobacco is cultivated under CT. |
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2017-04-202017-04-202015-11-23ZAFAR, Mohsin. Phosphorus dynamics in sediments from a subtropical catchment with rural and urban pollution. 2015. 186 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2015.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3373Areas at steep slopes in the catchments with high occupation by family farmers in Southern Brazil, even with a high surface covered with regenerated forests, are characterized by the persistence of sources of rural and urban pollution that are undermining the quality of aquatic systems. The unfair use of soil outside its capability, the adoption of inadequate soil tillage systems, the integrated system of animal production (poultry and swine) in quantities environmentally intolerable and the untreated domestic sewage from small villages are the main factors responsible for the input of high amounts of phosphorus into watercourses. In this context, the present doctoral thesis aims (i) monitoring the temporal variation in sediment-bound phosphorus in sub-catchments under different land-use and soil tillage systems and (ii) assessment of the potential of sediments from rural and urban sources to behave as source or sink of phosphorus for aquatic systems. In the Guaporé River catchment, six representative headwater sub-catchments with contrasting land-use and soil management were monitored. The selected sub-catchments were characterized by: (i) predominance of native forest (control); (ii) predominance of areas transformed to agriculture recently, but under conventional tillage CT (sub1); (iii) areas under CT, but with predominance of Ilex plantations (sub2); (iv) predominance of tobacco cultivation of long term under CT (sub3); (v) intensive agriculture under no-tillage NT (sub4); and (vi) intensive agriculture under NT and receiving untreated sewage of a twenty thousand inhabitant town (sub5). In addition, five points of the main river (P1 to P5) were monitored: the first one is located near to the junction of the sub-catchments 4 and 5, and the last one at the outlet of the watershed. Suspended and bed sediments were collected, comprising ten field campaigns performed in the monitoring period of 24 months (October 2012 to October 2014). The different fractions of phosphorus (P) of sediment were analyzed considering the bioavailability. The P sorption-desorption parameters in the sediments were estimated. The conversion of native forest for annual crops production areas promotes the production of sediments with higher amounts of total, inorganic and labile phosphorus. The values of maxima phosphorus adsorption capacity, instantaneous available and potentially available phosphorus forms, desorption rate and mobility index of phosphorus in sediments collected in the different sub-catchments in the following order: native forest < CT < CT with the intensive production of tobacco < NT < NT in the rural area plus urban sewage. A highly positive correlation was observed between different phosphorus fractions (especially the labile phosphorus), as well as different parameters of sorption/desorption, and amounts of iron and aluminum in sediments. It was found the highest amount of labile phosphorus in sediments collected at the end of winter and beginning of spring, particularly in the areas where tobacco is cultivated under CT.As áreas de bacias hidrográficas declivosas e densamente ocupadas pela agricultura familiar no Sul do Brasil, apesar de apresentarem grande superfície com florestas regeneradas, caracterizam-se pela persistência de fontes de poluição rurais e urbanas que vêm comprometendo a qualidade dos sistemas aquáticos. O uso do solo fora de sua aptidão, a adoção de sistemas de manejo inadequados, o sistema integrado de produção animal (aves e suínos) em quantidades ambientalmente intoleráveis e o não tratamento dos esgotos domésticos das pequenas cidades são fatores responsáveis pelo aporte de grandes quantidades de fósforo aos cursos d água. Nesse contexto, a presente tese de doutorado visa (i) monitorar a variação temporal do fósforo ligado aos sedimentos em sub-bacias com diferentes usos e manejo do solo e (ii) avaliar o potencial dos sedimentos de fontes rurais e urbana em atuarem como fonte ou dreno de fósforo aos sistemas aquáticos.Na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Guaporé RS/Brasil foram monitoradas seis sub-bacias de cabeceira representativas de uso da terra e de sistemas de manejo do solo contrastantes. As sub-bacias selecionadas caracterizavam-se por:i) predomínio demata nativa (controle); (ii) predomínio de áreas transformadas em agricultura recentemente, mas sob sistema de cultivo convencional SCC (sub1); (iii) áreas emSCC, mas com predomínio de produção de erva-mate (sub2); (iv) predomínio de áreas emSCC há longa data para cultivo do tabaco (sub3 ); (v) predomínio de agricultura intensiva, mas sob o sistema plantio direto SPD (sub4); e (vi) predomínio de agricultura intensiva sobSPD e recebendo esgoto não tratada de uma cidade com 20 mil habitantes (sub5). Adicionalmente, monitoraram-se cinco pontos no rio principal (P1 a P5), sendo que o primeiro está localizado na junção das sub-bacias 4 e 5 e o último é o exutório da bacia.Coletaram-se sedimentos de fundo e em suspensão, em dez campanhas de campo, durante 24 meses (10/2012 a 10/2014). Foram analisadas as diferentes frações de fósforo no sedimento, de acordo com a biodisponibilidade e estimaram-se os parâmetros de adsortividade e dessortividade do fósforo no sedimento. A conversão da mata nativa para implantação de culturas anuais induz a produção de sedimentos com maiores teores de fósforo total, fósforo inorgânico e fósforo lábil. Os valores da capacidade máxima de adsorção, fósforo instantaneamente disponível, fósforo potencialmente disponível, taxa de dessorção e índice de mobilidade de fósforo dos sedimentos coletados nas diferentes sub-bacias aumentaram na seguinte ordem: mata nativa < SCC < SCC intenso com produção de tabaco < SPD < SPD no meio rural mais esgoto urbano. Foram observadas correlações positivas dasdiferentes frações de fósforo (em especial aquela relacionada ao P lábil), bem como dos diferentes parâmetros de sorção/dessorção, com os teores de ferro e alumínio do sedimento.Foi encontrado maior teor de fósforo lábil nos sedimentos coletados no final do inverno e início da primavera,particularmente naqueles correspondentes aos locais onde se cultiva tabaco em SCC.application/pdfporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloUFSMBRAgronomiaBacia hidrográficaUso e manejo do soloSedimentos de fundoBiodisponibilidade de fósforoPressão antrópicaFontes de poluição pontual e difusaCatchmentSoil use and managementBed sedimentsPhosphorus bioavailabilityAnthropic pressurePoint and diffuse pollutionCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIADinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbanaPhosphorus dynamics in sediments from a subtropical catchment with rural and urban pollutioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisSantos, Danilo Rheinheimer doshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785480Z6Minella, Jean Paolo Gomeshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4760855H0Brunetto, Gustavohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4769932U8Pavinato, Paulo Sérgiohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2649067646866206Tiecher, Taleshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4238722T6http://lattes.cnpq.br/2312507414381344Zafar, Mohsin500100000009400300300300300300300b9323b09-6e9b-40be-8233-f9dbf499db31cfaf1b3e-20be-425a-9a2a-1dbfae6287558f6d9e14-df03-454b-9e39-d3fdde57281947c53d70-f89e-4d53-83be-c30ab75c841d0e7a7381-8980-4bb5-99f7-870bb363b320dc282a42-d8d0-4d28-8ab8-42eee26f5a9ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALZAFAR, MOHSIN.pdfapplication/pdf6308950http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/3373/1/ZAFAR%2c%20MOHSIN.pdfd34d5cccba9f5ed42015083912f0ea8bMD51TEXTZAFAR, MOHSIN.pdf.txtZAFAR, MOHSIN.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain333267http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/3373/2/ZAFAR%2c%20MOHSIN.pdf.txt69e8c9d901b38e914dbc6e68e893a9a8MD52THUMBNAILZAFAR, MOHSIN.pdf.jpgZAFAR, MOHSIN.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4744http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/3373/3/ZAFAR%2c%20MOHSIN.pdf.jpg7e8e0366051aa46e96dcc8101be13867MD531/33732017-07-25 10:54:18.545oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/3373Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2017-07-25T13:54:18Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Phosphorus dynamics in sediments from a subtropical catchment with rural and urban pollution |
title |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
spellingShingle |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana Zafar, Mohsin Bacia hidrográfica Uso e manejo do solo Sedimentos de fundo Biodisponibilidade de fósforo Pressão antrópica Fontes de poluição pontual e difusa Catchment Soil use and management Bed sediments Phosphorus bioavailability Anthropic pressure Point and diffuse pollution CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
title_full |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
title_fullStr |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
title_sort |
Dinâmica do fósforo de sedimentos oriundos de bacia hidrográfica subtropical compoluição rural e urbana |
author |
Zafar, Mohsin |
author_facet |
Zafar, Mohsin |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Danilo Rheinheimer dos |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785480Z6 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Minella, Jean Paolo Gomes |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4760855H0 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Brunetto, Gustavo |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4769932U8 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Pavinato, Paulo Sérgio |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2649067646866206 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Tiecher, Tales |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4238722T6 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2312507414381344 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Zafar, Mohsin |
contributor_str_mv |
Santos, Danilo Rheinheimer dos Minella, Jean Paolo Gomes Brunetto, Gustavo Pavinato, Paulo Sérgio Tiecher, Tales |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bacia hidrográfica Uso e manejo do solo Sedimentos de fundo Biodisponibilidade de fósforo Pressão antrópica Fontes de poluição pontual e difusa |
topic |
Bacia hidrográfica Uso e manejo do solo Sedimentos de fundo Biodisponibilidade de fósforo Pressão antrópica Fontes de poluição pontual e difusa Catchment Soil use and management Bed sediments Phosphorus bioavailability Anthropic pressure Point and diffuse pollution CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Catchment Soil use and management Bed sediments Phosphorus bioavailability Anthropic pressure Point and diffuse pollution |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
Areas at steep slopes in the catchments with high occupation by family farmers in Southern Brazil, even with a high surface covered with regenerated forests, are characterized by the persistence of sources of rural and urban pollution that are undermining the quality of aquatic systems. The unfair use of soil outside its capability, the adoption of inadequate soil tillage systems, the integrated system of animal production (poultry and swine) in quantities environmentally intolerable and the untreated domestic sewage from small villages are the main factors responsible for the input of high amounts of phosphorus into watercourses. In this context, the present doctoral thesis aims (i) monitoring the temporal variation in sediment-bound phosphorus in sub-catchments under different land-use and soil tillage systems and (ii) assessment of the potential of sediments from rural and urban sources to behave as source or sink of phosphorus for aquatic systems. In the Guaporé River catchment, six representative headwater sub-catchments with contrasting land-use and soil management were monitored. The selected sub-catchments were characterized by: (i) predominance of native forest (control); (ii) predominance of areas transformed to agriculture recently, but under conventional tillage CT (sub1); (iii) areas under CT, but with predominance of Ilex plantations (sub2); (iv) predominance of tobacco cultivation of long term under CT (sub3); (v) intensive agriculture under no-tillage NT (sub4); and (vi) intensive agriculture under NT and receiving untreated sewage of a twenty thousand inhabitant town (sub5). In addition, five points of the main river (P1 to P5) were monitored: the first one is located near to the junction of the sub-catchments 4 and 5, and the last one at the outlet of the watershed. Suspended and bed sediments were collected, comprising ten field campaigns performed in the monitoring period of 24 months (October 2012 to October 2014). The different fractions of phosphorus (P) of sediment were analyzed considering the bioavailability. The P sorption-desorption parameters in the sediments were estimated. The conversion of native forest for annual crops production areas promotes the production of sediments with higher amounts of total, inorganic and labile phosphorus. The values of maxima phosphorus adsorption capacity, instantaneous available and potentially available phosphorus forms, desorption rate and mobility index of phosphorus in sediments collected in the different sub-catchments in the following order: native forest < CT < CT with the intensive production of tobacco < NT < NT in the rural area plus urban sewage. A highly positive correlation was observed between different phosphorus fractions (especially the labile phosphorus), as well as different parameters of sorption/desorption, and amounts of iron and aluminum in sediments. It was found the highest amount of labile phosphorus in sediments collected at the end of winter and beginning of spring, particularly in the areas where tobacco is cultivated under CT. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2015-11-23 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2017-04-20 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2017-04-20 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
ZAFAR, Mohsin. Phosphorus dynamics in sediments from a subtropical catchment with rural and urban pollution. 2015. 186 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2015. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3373 |
identifier_str_mv |
ZAFAR, Mohsin. Phosphorus dynamics in sediments from a subtropical catchment with rural and urban pollution. 2015. 186 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2015. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3373 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
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500100000009 |
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400 300 300 300 300 300 300 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo |
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UFSM |
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BR |
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Agronomia |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
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