Unidades geoambientais como subsídio a gestão e conservação da APA do Ibirapuitã, RS

• Ano de defesa: 2026
• Autor(a) principal: Gaberti, Marinéli Moraes
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Sistemas de Informações Geográficas; Clusterização multivariada; Bioma; Pampa; Incêndios; Geographic Information Systems; Multivariate clustering; Pampa biome; Wildfires; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/38549

This study investigates the geo-environmental analysis of the Ibirapuitã River Environmental Protection Area (APA) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), a federal sustainable use unit established in 1992, covering an area of approximately 316,882.75 ha, located within the Pampa Biome and subject to pressures arising from regional agricultural dynamics. The study is based on the hypothesis that an integrated analysis of the components of the physical environment and land use and land cover make it possible to identify potential, constraints, and environmental pressures. The objective is to delimit, map, and characterize the geo-environmental units of the Ibirapuitã River APA, integrating variables related to relief, lithology, soils, and land use and land cover. The research established a thematic cartographic base comprising maps of hypsometry, slope, landforms, lithology, soils, and land use and land cover, created in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment using ArcGIS Pro. The methodological procedure included the organization of base maps, application of a regular grid (fishnet), data extraction and interpolation, and multivariate clustering techniques for delineating geo-environmental compartments. The results were validated through field observations, topographic profiles, and visual inspection. Five geo-environmental units were identified, named Inhanduí, Ibirapuitã, Chico, Espinilho, and Caverá, defined by the integration of morphometric, lithological, pedological, and land-use characteristics. The analysis revealed a predominance of surfaces with low elevation range and gentle slopes, with the Ibirapuitã and Chico units standing out, as they account for most of the APA’s area. A spatial analysis of fire susceptibility was also conducted, using records from MapBiomas Fogo (1985–2022) and anthropogenic variables, such as proximity to roads and productive areas. The results indicated a predominance of areas with a high risk of fire occurrence, corresponding to 48.58% of the territory (1,539.06 km²) and associated with 60.55% of the recorded fire outbreaks. The frequency ratio (Fr) showed a higher relative concentration of fire outbreaks in the Ibirapuitã (Fr = 1.31) and Chico (Fr = 1.17) units, while Caverá, Espinilho, and Inhanduí had proportionally lower occurrences. It is concluded that the integration of environmental data into GIS, combined with clustering and field validation, constitutes an efficient approach for geo-environmental compartmentalization and understanding the spatial dynamics of the Ibirapuitã River Environmental Protection Area (APA), providing input for territorial planning and environmental management of the conservation unit.