Levantamento florístico e etnobotânico do estrato arbóreo em sistemas naturais e agroflorestais, Araponga, Minas Gerais

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Siqueira, Lívia Constâncio de
• Orientador(a): Garcia, Flávia Cristina Pinto
• Banca de defesa: Botelho, Maria Izabel Vieira , Paula, Cláudio Coelho de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Botânica
• Departamento: Botânica estrutural; Ecologia e Sistemática
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Levantamento florístico; Sistemas agroflorestais; Etnobotânica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Floristic survey; Agroforestry systems; Ethnobotany
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2495

This work consists of a floristic and ethnobotanical survey of forest fragments and Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) located in the surroundings of the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (PESB) in the municipality of Araponga, Zona da Mata MG, aiming to measure tree species richness and assess popular knowledge of the local vegetation. The study was divided into three chapters. The first aimed to survey the floristic composition of two fragments of semideciduous seasonal forest, flowering and fruiting time of the species and floristic comparison with other areas studied in the region of the park. The second chapter aimed to assess tree species occurring in seven SAFs established and used by families of small experimenting farmers from rural communities of Araponga, analyzing the floristic similarity among these areas and phenological information of the species. In the third chapter, the ethnobotanical survey of tree species in forest fragments and Agroforesry systems identified the use categories established by the local inhabitants and analyzed the relative importance of these species. Monthly collections of botanical material and observation on flowering and fruiting from February 2006 to May 2007 were carried out for the analyses described in the first two chapters. All collected material was herborized according to usual botanical techniques and registered at the VIC Herbarium - Plant Biology Department, Federal University of Viçosa. Taxonomic identification was based on the literature, comparison with herbarium material and material sent to specialists. Forest fragments had 93 species identified, which were distributed in 65 genera and 30 families. The families with highest species richness were Leguminosae (20 spp), Asteraceae (7 spp), Lauraceae (6 spp), Bignoniaceae, Myrtaceae and Solanaceae (5 spp. each) and Annonaceae (4 spp.), corresponding to 56% of total number of species. Species flowered and set fruit throughout the year, achieving a flowering and/or fruiting rate of 74% in the rainy season, and 57% of fertile species in the dry season. Agroforestry systems had 45 tree species identified, which were distributed in 42 genera and 26 families. Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae were the most representative families, with four species each. Among the sampled species, 55% were native from Brazil, from the Atlantic Forest domain, and 44% of exotic species. The species were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis, using the Sorensen s coefficient of MVSP version 3.1 (Kovach Computing Services 2006). SAF4 was the most dissimilar and was separated from the other areas because of the highest species richness compared with the other systems. SAF7 and SAF5 were the most similar for having species in common. Among the 45 species assessed, 34 had flowered and set fruit during the year, whereas 11 species showed no flowers or fruit set. Twenty-eight species (62%) flowered and/or set fruit during the dry season. In the rainy season, 46% of species, 21 individuals, were at the reproductive stage. Ethnobotanical data described in the Chapter 3 were obtained from 14 semi-structured interviews conducted in the forest fragments and 12 interviews in the SAFs. Overall, 86 species were reported; 53 in the fragments and 56 in the SAFs. The 53 species in the forest fragments are distributed in 26 families and 40 genera, and the most cited families are Euphorbiaceae (6 spp.), Myrtaceae (5 spp.) and Melastomataceae (4 spp.). Nine use categories were established, five emical and four ethical. Construction was the most standing out category, with 48 cited species, among them Miconia pyrifolia Naud. (quaresminha) and Vernonia densiflora Gardner (pau-de-fumo) were the most representative. The category firewood was the second most representative with 22 species. The categories technology and medicinal were also well represented in this study with 34% (18 spp.) and 32% (17 spp.) respectively. The 56 species cited in the SAFs, are distributed in 31 families and 48 genera. Euphorbiaceae had the largest number of species (5 spp.), followed by Bignoniaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae and Solanaceae (4 spp. Each). Eleven use categories were identified; medicinal showed the largest number of species (26 spp.), followed by food (23 spp.), fertilizer (17 spp.), construction and technology (16 spp.) each. The diversity of species recorded by both the floristic and ethnobotanical survey demonstrates the great importance of preservation of these areas for the conservation of local biodiversity and its surroundings, and that the informants involved in the study have a deep knowledge of the vegetation contributing to the traditional knowledge.