Aplicação de indicadores de avaliação e monitoramento em um projeto de restauração florestal, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural - RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, MG

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Bastos, Suzanne de Castro
• Orientador(a): Martins, Sebastião Venâncio
• Banca de defesa: Carmo, Flávia Maria da Silva , Silva, Elias
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Botânica
• Departamento: Botânica estrutural; Ecologia e Sistemática
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Restauração florestal; Banco de sementes; Regeneração natural
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Forestry regeneration; Seed bank; Natural regeneration
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2523

The growing exploration of natural resources has caused the lost of species and changed the natural structure of ecosystems without knowing the natural ecological process. The main means to reestablish the vegetation in changed environment is through the soil seed bank and the seedling bank which have a very important role in the dynamic equilibrium of the forests. The understanding of the natural regeneration process for restored areas is very important to the success of restoration projects. Thus, aiming to understand the indicators of evaluation and monitoring this study has the following objectives: (i) Describing the floristic composition and the density of species germinated at the soil seed bank; (ii) Describing the floristic composition and fitosociologic regeneration stratum; (iii) Indicating the sucessional categories and dispersion syndrome of natural regenerated and seed bank sampled species. To evaluate the objectives related to the soil seed bank in four areas subjected to different handling techniques, 30 parcels were sampled, each parcel were 30cm long by 25cm wide by 7cm deep. The samples were taken to the vegetations house at the Biology Department at Viçosa Federal University. The vegetations house was isolated with a 50% shading factor nylon net. The emerging seedlings were irrigated daily and counted every two weeks from July 2008 to July 2009. The sampled species were identified, classified according to life form, sucessional categories and dispersion syndrome. Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Pielou equability index, specific wealth and density of germinated seeds were calculated. In order to evaluate the objectives related to natural regeneration of the four areas restored, five transect were systematically marked 2 x 110 m each.. Each transect was divided into 10 parcels of 2m x 2m and apart 10 m from each other totaling 50 parcels and area of 200 m2. The sampling process included all arborous individuals with height raging from 10cm to 2 m and with DAS ( diameter at soil level) bellow or equal to 5 cm except herbaceous species (vines, grasses, weeds and bamboos). The samples were analyzed according to the scale of covering and abundance value. The sampling was done in the months of March and April 2009. The sampled species were identified, classified according to sucessional categories and dispersion syndrome. Regarding the timber component, were calculated the Shannon Wiener (H ) and equability Pielou (J ) index, and the fitosociologic parameters. From all the areas studied, 3113 individuals germinated from 26 families, 57 genders and 96 species. About 31% of the individuals are related to Setaria vulpiseta, which were found in all the sampled areas, with higher individual density in areas 1 and 2. The lowest diversity and equability were found in the areas 1 (H = 2,58 e J = 0,65) and 2 (H = 2,64 e J = 0,64). After compiling all data from the four areas, herbaceous life forms, anemocoric syndrome dispersion and pioneer species were more abundant according to the study. The sample from natural regeneration included 346 individuals belonging from 18 families , 32 genders and 52 species. The families with the most species were: Fabaceae (12 species) and Rubiaceae (3 species). From the total number of species sampled in the study 11 were classified as pioneer, 11 as initial secondary and 8 as late secondary. Zoocoric dispersion was the most abundant. The total estimated density after survey of the timber component was 4325 individuals per hectare. The biggest contribution to this number was due to the specie Machaerium acutifolium (675 ind/ha). About relative and absolute frequency the specie with best performance in each area were: A1 - Celtis brasiliensis; A2 - Mimosa caesalpiniifolia; A3 - A4 - Machaerium acutifolium. In general, Machaerium acutifolium was the most important specie followed by Machaerium nyctitans and Cupania vernalis. These three species also stood out in covering value (CV) and presented the greatest number of individuals (NI) with little change in the order. Area 2 presented lowest diversity and highest equability H =1,60 e J =0,89, respectively. The highest concentration of regenerating individuals are the lower diameter and height classes which suggest some kind of ecological stress in the areas. For the herbaceous component, Setaria vulpiseta is among the sampled species the one with highest frequency in areas 1,2 and 4. Regarding values of covering and abondancy, Setaria vulpiseta presented a higher value in áreas 1 and 2 and Guadua angustifolia in areas 3 and 4. Thus, it s important to highlight that the actions implemented in the areas until the time of the study have brought an ecological improvement through soil covering, canopy formation and an increase in vegetal diversification. However, the areas need intervention to act as sucessional catalyzers to improve the dynamic process.