Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Cruz, Aline Cristina da
• Orientador(a): Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
• Banca de defesa: Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela , Corrêa, Wilson Luiz Rotatori , Carvalho, Luciano Dias de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Gastos públicos; Crescimento econômico; Pobreza; Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Public expenditures; Growth rates; Poverty; Brazil
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::METODOS QUANTITATIVOS EM ECONOMIA::METODOS E MODELOS MATEMATICOS, ECONOMETRICOS E ESTATISTICOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/128

Investments in infrastructure in Brazil showed significant reduction since the 1980s. Evident deficiencies in physical and social infrastructure, among other deadlocks, contribute to the recent modest economic growth rates. Furthermore, Brazil is one of the most unequal country in the world, with still unacceptable poverty rate. In this context, it is questioned: Is the effect of public expenditures, mainly in infrastructure and in human capital, only pro-growth or does it also allow the income increase of poor people in Brazil? This study proposes identifying in which way these types of public expenditures could be allocated efficiently, in order to meet, simultaneously, economic growth targets and poverty reduction. The hypothesis is that public expenditures in physical infrastructure and in human capital rise total factors productivity, as well as employment and wages, therefore promoting the increase in per capita income and the reduction in poverty. Under the premise that socioeconomic factors linked to growth and poverty are interrelated and are generated in the same economic process, a system of simultaneous equations is developed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of public expenditures in physical and social capital on growth and poverty in Brazil, in the period between 1980-2007. It is used the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) to estimate the system of simultaneous equations. First, it s proved the efficiency of investment in education and health, as well as in roads and energy, regarding the improvement of the stock of human and physical capital in Brazil. The results suggest that greater education level, better health conditions, additions in gross fixed capital formation, besides improvements in road and energy infrastructure, contribute significantly to increase income of the Brazilian people and the total factors productivity. On the relationship between per capita income and absolute poverty, the study suggests that, in spite of the modest economic growth and the poverty still being serious social problem, there has been economic growth followed by the fall in poverty rate in the last decades. Per capita GDP and the level of FTP present inverse relation with the national poverty level. On the other hand, direct relation exists between income concentration and population growth and the number of people living below poverty line. On labor market, only public investment in health and energy showed positive direct effects on employment, contrary to investments in education and roads, which contradict the hypothesis advanced by this study that all public investment in human capital and in infrastructure contribute for the increase in employment in the country. This research concludes saying that public expenditures in human capital (education and health) and in physical infrastructure (transport and energy) constitute efficacious measure for the implementation of a growth policy with poverty reduction. Furthermore, the public resources directed to the provision and quality of physical and social infrastructure are complementary practices, and in this way, there are no tradeoffs between these types of public policies.