Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera)
Ano de defesa: | 2010 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso embargado |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Doutorado em Entomologia
|
Departamento: |
Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica
|
País: |
BR
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/885 |
Resumo: | The replacement of native grasslands and bush savanna by exotic pastures has being implemented in many different regions to increase the livestock carrying capacity. These changes are particularly noticeable in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), the second largest biome in Brazil and one of the biodiversity conservation priority areas in the world. Brazil has one of the largest bovine livestock in the world and around half of all Brazilian pastures, composed by introduced and native pasture, are placed in the Cerrado region. Although these changes have obvious consequences for plant community, the ecological consequences for the native fauna are poorly known. Cerrado is a fire-shaped biome and besides the introduction of exotic grasses, there is a recent concern about the use of fire as a management tool in native Cerrado grasslands (each two years) on inhabiting invertebrate fauna. There is still a lack of information about the impact of these factors on insect s communities when we compare studies about impact on plant communities. Among insects, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) can be used as cost-effective indicators of anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, dung beetles provided important ecological function such as faeces removal from pastures and soil bioturbation. However, even performing those useful ecological functions for farmers, the irresponsible use of parasiticides in bovine livestock can affect negatively the dung beetles. Here, we investigate the conversion of native pastures to exotic pastures on dung beetle community structure and upon the ecological functions performed by these beetles in Cerrado pastures. We evaluate the agropastoral management in dairy farms throught the time since the conversion and the fire management on native pastures and also, the management of cattle with the ivermectin parasiticide. As results, we found differences in community structure and species composition between pasture systems, and introduced pastures were dominated by few abundant species. Our results showed that the conversion of native grasslands to introduced pastures can trigger a restructuring of dung beetle communities, particularly in terms of local diversity, species composition and overall dung beetle activity. These results highlight the importance of maintaining native pastures in the Cerrado agropastoral landscape, to help prevent widespread loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Evaluating the drivers of dung beetle community within each pasture system (native and introduced), we found that for both pasture systems, richness was driven by regional species pool. Sand proportion, soil penetrability, surrounding habitat and time since disturbance were determinants of dung beetle abundance in both pastures systems. However, the introduction of exotic pastures changed the effects of the environmental drivers on dung beetle communities, probably through soil management practices. We showed that habitat replacement goes beyond changes in vegetation cover: exotic grass introduction changes community-environment relationship for dung beetles. Finally, we observed that the ivermectin use does not affect in a direct way the ecological functions (faeces removed and excavated soil). However, ivermectin use broke down the positive correlation of faeces removal with dung beetle abundance and species richness. Therefore, ivermectin-treated cattle faeces was less attractive to dung beetles and reduced dung beetle activity. We suggest that ivermectin can cause beetle intoxication, working as a partial ecological trap . We concluded that the replacement of native to exotic pastures leads to biodiversity loss, changes in soil characteristics and the stagnation of ecological functions performed by dung beetles due to ivermectin use and, therefore, causing disavantage to agropastoral landscape of Cerrado. |
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Almeida, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/165623729529440Schoereder, José Henriquehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783461Y6Mâncio, Antonio Bentohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782731E7Sperber, Carlos Franklhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798938U6Louzada, Júlio Neil Cassahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4791972E6Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4480079684936769Neves, Frederico de Siqueirahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765998U92015-03-26T12:35:53Z2015-03-042015-03-26T12:35:53Z2010-09-22ALMEIDA, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de. Replacement of native to exotic pasture: impacts on dung beetle (Coleoptera) community structure and ecological functions. 2010. 94 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/885The replacement of native grasslands and bush savanna by exotic pastures has being implemented in many different regions to increase the livestock carrying capacity. These changes are particularly noticeable in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), the second largest biome in Brazil and one of the biodiversity conservation priority areas in the world. Brazil has one of the largest bovine livestock in the world and around half of all Brazilian pastures, composed by introduced and native pasture, are placed in the Cerrado region. Although these changes have obvious consequences for plant community, the ecological consequences for the native fauna are poorly known. Cerrado is a fire-shaped biome and besides the introduction of exotic grasses, there is a recent concern about the use of fire as a management tool in native Cerrado grasslands (each two years) on inhabiting invertebrate fauna. There is still a lack of information about the impact of these factors on insect s communities when we compare studies about impact on plant communities. Among insects, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) can be used as cost-effective indicators of anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, dung beetles provided important ecological function such as faeces removal from pastures and soil bioturbation. However, even performing those useful ecological functions for farmers, the irresponsible use of parasiticides in bovine livestock can affect negatively the dung beetles. Here, we investigate the conversion of native pastures to exotic pastures on dung beetle community structure and upon the ecological functions performed by these beetles in Cerrado pastures. We evaluate the agropastoral management in dairy farms throught the time since the conversion and the fire management on native pastures and also, the management of cattle with the ivermectin parasiticide. As results, we found differences in community structure and species composition between pasture systems, and introduced pastures were dominated by few abundant species. Our results showed that the conversion of native grasslands to introduced pastures can trigger a restructuring of dung beetle communities, particularly in terms of local diversity, species composition and overall dung beetle activity. These results highlight the importance of maintaining native pastures in the Cerrado agropastoral landscape, to help prevent widespread loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Evaluating the drivers of dung beetle community within each pasture system (native and introduced), we found that for both pasture systems, richness was driven by regional species pool. Sand proportion, soil penetrability, surrounding habitat and time since disturbance were determinants of dung beetle abundance in both pastures systems. However, the introduction of exotic pastures changed the effects of the environmental drivers on dung beetle communities, probably through soil management practices. We showed that habitat replacement goes beyond changes in vegetation cover: exotic grass introduction changes community-environment relationship for dung beetles. Finally, we observed that the ivermectin use does not affect in a direct way the ecological functions (faeces removed and excavated soil). However, ivermectin use broke down the positive correlation of faeces removal with dung beetle abundance and species richness. Therefore, ivermectin-treated cattle faeces was less attractive to dung beetles and reduced dung beetle activity. We suggest that ivermectin can cause beetle intoxication, working as a partial ecological trap . We concluded that the replacement of native to exotic pastures leads to biodiversity loss, changes in soil characteristics and the stagnation of ecological functions performed by dung beetles due to ivermectin use and, therefore, causing disavantage to agropastoral landscape of Cerrado.A conversão de áreas savânicas em pastagens exóticas tem crescido em diferentes regiões com o objetivo de aumentar a capacidade de suporte dos pastos para o gado. Essas mudanças são particularmente notadas no Cerrado, o segundo maior bioma brasileiro, considerado uma das áreas prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade. O Brasil possui um dos maiores rebanhos bovinos do mundo e cerca de metade das pastagens brasileiras, compostas por pastagens nativas e pastagens exóticas, se localizam na mesma região de distribuição do Cerrado. Apesar das consequências óbvias para a comunidade de plantas nativas, as conseqüências ecológicas da conversão, para a fauna nativa ainda são pouco abordadas. O Cerrado é um bioma moldado pelo fogo, e além da conversão de pastagens, o manejo com fogo em pastagens nativas (realizado a cada dois anos pelos produtores) têm trazido preocupações a respeito desse manejo sobre a fauna de invertebrados, ainda pouco estudada quando comparado com estudos com plantas. Dentre os invertebrados, os besouros escarabeíneos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) são considerados bioindicadores valiosos dos distúrbios antrópicos. Além disso, esses besouros têm um importante papel no desempenho de funções ecológicas como remoção de fezes das pastagens e bioturbação do solo. Porém, apesar da reconhecida atuação dos escarabeíneos como agentes benéficos para as pastagens, o uso indiscriminado de parasiticidas no gado pode afetar negativamente os besouros escarabeíneos. A presente tese visou investigar o impacto da substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária na estrutura da comunidade de escarabeíneos e nas funções ecológicas desempenhadas por esses besouros nas pastagens do Cerrado. Investigamos o manejo realizado em propriedades de gado de leite, abordando o tempo de introdução da braquiária e o uso do fogo no manejo das pastagens nativas, além do manejo do gado bovino leiteiro utilizando o parasiticida ivermectina. A respeito de mudanças na comunidade de escarabeíneos devido à introdução, encontramos menor número de indivíduos, espécies e biomassa em pastos introduzidos quando comparados com pastos nativos. A composição de espécies em pastos nativos também é distinta dos pastos introduzidos, que são dominados por poucas espécies abundantes. Esses resultados nos mostram que a conversão de pastagens pode gerar uma reestruturação da comunidade de escarabeíneos, especialmente em termos de diversidade local e composição de espécies. Podemos ressaltar que a manutenção de pastagens nativas no Cerrado pode ajudar a prevenir a perda da biodiversidade na paisagem agro-pastoril do Cerrado. Além disso, avaliando os determinates da comunidade de escarabeíneos dentro de cada sistema de pastagens (nativo e introduzido), observamos que a riqueza de espécies para ambos sistemas foram determinados pelo pool regional de espécies. Fatores como proporção de areia no solo, penetrabilidade do solo, áreas de entorno das pastagens e tempo desde o último distúrbio (fogo ou introdução de pastagem exótica) foram determinantes da abundância para ambos sistemas. Porém, a introdução de pastagens exóticas mudou os efeitos dos determinantes da comunidade com o meio ambiente quando comparado com pastagens nativas. Nós mostramos que a conversão de pastagens vai além de simples mudanças na cobertura vegetal: os determinantes também são alterados, mudando a relação da comunidade de escarabeíneos com o habitat.Finalmente, observamos que o uso da ivermectina não afeta diretamente as funções ecológicas (fezes removida e solo escavado), porém, a ivermectina interrompe a correlação positiva da remoção das fezes com o número de indivíduos e a riqueza de espécies. Dessa forma, as fezes tratadas com ivermectina foram menos atrativas para os escarabeíneos, reduzindo a atividade dos besouros. Nós sugerimos que a ivermectina pode causar intoxicação nos besouros, atuando parcialmente como uma armadilha ecológica . Nós concluímos que a substituição das pastagens nativas em pastagens de braquiária acarreta em perda de diversidade biológica, mudanças em características do solo e a uma estagnação das funções ecológicas desempenhadas pelos escarabeíneos devido ao uso de ivermectina e, portanto, acarretando em prejuízo para a paisagem agropastoril do Cerrado.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em EntomologiaUFVBRCiência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológicaScarabaeinaeCerradoCampo limpoIvermectinaEspécies exóticasScarabaeinaeCerradoGrasslandIvermectinExotic speciesCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIASubstituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera)Replacement of native to exotic pasture: impacts on dung beetle (Coleoptera) community structure and ecological functionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf1093715https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/885/1/texto%20completo.pdf68167fcdfb6dd60654c183831e3bc4caMD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain185120https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/885/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt985694351981c1bebe143654849520f7MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3584https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/885/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg7eb79b2aa32c335baf1ace7ac8ce3c0dMD53123456789/8852016-04-06 23:19:17.249oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/885Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-07T02:19:17LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Replacement of native to exotic pasture: impacts on dung beetle (Coleoptera) community structure and ecological functions |
title |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
spellingShingle |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) Almeida, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de Scarabaeinae Cerrado Campo limpo Ivermectina Espécies exóticas Scarabaeinae Cerrado Grassland Ivermectin Exotic species CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
title_short |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
title_full |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
title_fullStr |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
title_sort |
Substituição de pastagem nativa por braquiária: impactos na estrutura e funções ecológicas da comunidade de escarabeíneos (Coleoptera) |
author |
Almeida, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de |
author_facet |
Almeida, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/165623729529440 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Almeida, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Schoereder, José Henrique |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783461Y6 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Mâncio, Antonio Bento |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782731E7 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Sperber, Carlos Frankl |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798938U6 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Louzada, Júlio Neil Cassa |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4791972E6 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4480079684936769 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Neves, Frederico de Siqueira |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765998U9 |
contributor_str_mv |
Schoereder, José Henrique Mâncio, Antonio Bento Sperber, Carlos Frankl Louzada, Júlio Neil Cassa Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de Neves, Frederico de Siqueira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Scarabaeinae Cerrado Campo limpo Ivermectina Espécies exóticas |
topic |
Scarabaeinae Cerrado Campo limpo Ivermectina Espécies exóticas Scarabaeinae Cerrado Grassland Ivermectin Exotic species CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Scarabaeinae Cerrado Grassland Ivermectin Exotic species |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
description |
The replacement of native grasslands and bush savanna by exotic pastures has being implemented in many different regions to increase the livestock carrying capacity. These changes are particularly noticeable in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), the second largest biome in Brazil and one of the biodiversity conservation priority areas in the world. Brazil has one of the largest bovine livestock in the world and around half of all Brazilian pastures, composed by introduced and native pasture, are placed in the Cerrado region. Although these changes have obvious consequences for plant community, the ecological consequences for the native fauna are poorly known. Cerrado is a fire-shaped biome and besides the introduction of exotic grasses, there is a recent concern about the use of fire as a management tool in native Cerrado grasslands (each two years) on inhabiting invertebrate fauna. There is still a lack of information about the impact of these factors on insect s communities when we compare studies about impact on plant communities. Among insects, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) can be used as cost-effective indicators of anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, dung beetles provided important ecological function such as faeces removal from pastures and soil bioturbation. However, even performing those useful ecological functions for farmers, the irresponsible use of parasiticides in bovine livestock can affect negatively the dung beetles. Here, we investigate the conversion of native pastures to exotic pastures on dung beetle community structure and upon the ecological functions performed by these beetles in Cerrado pastures. We evaluate the agropastoral management in dairy farms throught the time since the conversion and the fire management on native pastures and also, the management of cattle with the ivermectin parasiticide. As results, we found differences in community structure and species composition between pasture systems, and introduced pastures were dominated by few abundant species. Our results showed that the conversion of native grasslands to introduced pastures can trigger a restructuring of dung beetle communities, particularly in terms of local diversity, species composition and overall dung beetle activity. These results highlight the importance of maintaining native pastures in the Cerrado agropastoral landscape, to help prevent widespread loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Evaluating the drivers of dung beetle community within each pasture system (native and introduced), we found that for both pasture systems, richness was driven by regional species pool. Sand proportion, soil penetrability, surrounding habitat and time since disturbance were determinants of dung beetle abundance in both pastures systems. However, the introduction of exotic pastures changed the effects of the environmental drivers on dung beetle communities, probably through soil management practices. We showed that habitat replacement goes beyond changes in vegetation cover: exotic grass introduction changes community-environment relationship for dung beetles. Finally, we observed that the ivermectin use does not affect in a direct way the ecological functions (faeces removed and excavated soil). However, ivermectin use broke down the positive correlation of faeces removal with dung beetle abundance and species richness. Therefore, ivermectin-treated cattle faeces was less attractive to dung beetles and reduced dung beetle activity. We suggest that ivermectin can cause beetle intoxication, working as a partial ecological trap . We concluded that the replacement of native to exotic pastures leads to biodiversity loss, changes in soil characteristics and the stagnation of ecological functions performed by dung beetles due to ivermectin use and, therefore, causing disavantage to agropastoral landscape of Cerrado. |
publishDate |
2010 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2010-09-22 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-26T12:35:53Z |
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2015-03-04 2015-03-26T12:35:53Z |
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ALMEIDA, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de. Replacement of native to exotic pasture: impacts on dung beetle (Coleoptera) community structure and ecological functions. 2010. 94 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/885 |
identifier_str_mv |
ALMEIDA, Sabrina da Silva Pinheiro de. Replacement of native to exotic pasture: impacts on dung beetle (Coleoptera) community structure and ecological functions. 2010. 94 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010. |
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http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/885 |
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BR |
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Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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