Análise de métodos indiretos para avaliação da composição corporal, da prevalência de sarcopenia e fatores de risco cardiovascular e da relação entre osteopenia e mobilidade funcional de membros inferiores em mulheres não sedentárias

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Eliane Aparecida de
• Orientador(a): Doimo, Leonice Aparecida
• Banca de defesa: Gobbi, Sebastião
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Educação Física
• Departamento: Aspectos sócio-culturais do movimento humano; Aspectos biodinâmicos do movimento humano
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Composição corporal; Sarcopenia; Fatores de risco cardiovascular; Osteopenia; Mobilidade funcional
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Body composition; Sarcopenia; Cardiovascular risk factors; Osteopenia; Functional mobility
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3472

The changes in body composition resulting from the aging process, include the reduction in fat-free mass, an increase in body fat and the reduction in bone mineral density. Sarcopenia corresponds to muscle mass and power reduction caused by the aging process. Maintaining an adequate amount of muscle mass and strength is an extremely important factor in this process and may mean the functional independence of the individual as well as a lower incidence of accidents due to muscle weakness. Obesity, characterized by a significant increase in body fat, is directly or indirectly related to other pathological conditions, for example, cardiovascular diseases. Osteopenia refers to a reduction in bone mass and changes in the microarchitecture of bone tissue and leads to decreased bone strength and increased risk of fracture, being associated with functional mobility which, in particular the mobility of the lower limbs, it is extremely important for walking capacity and adequate independence of the elderly. Thus the following studies were proposed: Study 1 Objective: Verify the body fat percentage (BF%) calculated by means of six equations estimates with that obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in middle-aged and older physically active women. Method: Sample of 46 healthy women with mean age of 65.9 ± 8.0 years. Results: Despite the strong correlation between all the equations and DXA, there was low agreement between the methods. Conclusion: Although none of the equations has been shown to be entirely reliable to estimate BF% in middle age and older women, one of the equations seemed to be more advantageous to overestimate BF% in a lesser degree than the other equations. This, from the clinical point of view, may be acceptable to lead the adoption of physical activity habits and healthier food as measures involved in the accumulation of body fat. Study 2 Objective: Assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and association with cardiovascular risk factors in non-sedentary women. Method: The sample were distributed to control group (n = 33; 24.5 ± 2.9 years) and study group (n = 91; 61.9 ± 8.7 years). Results: Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, body composition by DXA were performed in addition to the questionnaires. The association between cardiovascular risk factors and sarcopenia was assessed by logistic regression models. Results: Sarcopenia was defined as one standard deviation below the sex-specific mean of a young reference group, and corresponded to 7.3 kg/m² classifying 34.1% of women of the GE as sarcopenic. The prevalence of risk of developing CVD (low risk, medium risk and high risk) was respectively 21%, 60% and 19%. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases risk factors except for BMI as a protective factor. Study 3 Objective: To investigate the relationship between the functional mobility of lower limbs and osteopenia evaluated by two different sites (right femoral neck (FN) and lower limbs (LL)) in non-sedentary postmenopausal women. Method: Sample divided in control group (CG, n = 33, 24.4 ± 2.9 years) and study group (SG, n = 28, 65.9 ± 4.9 years). For each sites adopted, the SG was divided into normal group (NG) and group with osteopenia (GO). Bone densitometry and body composition were evaluated by DXA. Assessment of functional mobility of lower limbs was performed using the sitting and standing test (SS), get up and walk (GW) test and walk 6 minutes (W6M) test. Results: Body composition variables showed significant differences between CG and SG. There was significant difference between groups with and without osteopenia in the multivariate analysis in the two sites analyzed for body composition variables. Conclusion: There was no difference in the functional mobility of the lower limbs with and without the presence of osteopenia, measured at two different sites, in nonsedentary postmenopausal women. Levels of physical activity of moderate to vigorous appear to contribute to maintenance of functional mobility even with the decrease of bone mass.