Diversidade genética e seleção em palma de óleo (Elaeis oleifera e Elaeis guineensis) no Equador

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Cedillo, Digner Santiago Ortega
• Orientador(a): Cruz, Cosme Damião
• Banca de defesa: Santos, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos , Tomé, Lívia Gracielle Oliveira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Caiaué; Marcadores microssatélites; Blup; Parâmetros genéticos; Índice de seleção
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Caiaué; Microsatellite markers; BLUP; Genetic parameters; Selection index
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1377

The study had two purposes, the first was to quantify the genetic diversity within and between accessions collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon. On the basis of nine microsatellite markers, 40 plants from E. oleifera 16 accessions. The number of alleles for the nine markers varied from two to five, with a total of 26 alleles and a mean of 2.89. The polymorphism information content was 0.35, indicating that all markers were informative and sufficient to access the variability within and between E. oleifera accessions. Seven of the nine markers were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), which shows that the population structure of the analyzed accession group was close to the assumed HWE, with high variability between plants and no inbreeding or sampling effect. The 40 plants were clustered in seven groups by the Tocher method. Seedlings derived from a same accession were grouped separately, indicating variability within the sampled accessions, illustrated by the unweighted pair-group method based on arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and confirmed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA),of the total variation, 72% was detected among plants within the sampled accessions. Thus, available germplasm for breeding purposes, the variability between plants should be prioritized and for the collection of E. oleifera germplasm, the variability within plants (seeds of the bunches) in their natural environment. The second purpose was to optimize the oil palm breeding program in Ecuador, we used the REML/BLUP method. Twentyfour families of Dura x Dura full-sib families, developed in three trials were tested, together with one control per test. The evaluation lasted five years and was arranged in a randomized block design with 12 plants per plot and four replications, the traits evaluated were bunch number -BNo, fresh fruit bunch yield- FFBy and average bunch weight - ABWt. The population variability for traits, the genetic gain of the 10 selected plants, was 43% higher than the overall average. The correlation was low and negative only between bunch number and average bunch weight, by Tocher cluster analysis, six groups were formed, and in group IV, families selected by average ranking (3A, 5C and 7B) were allocated. Five annual harvests are required to ensure an accuracy above 0.50. It was concluded that the BLUP estimates are encouraging with a view to a continuous breeding program of oil palm, with the possibility of maximizing genetic gains in future generations.