Inimigos naturais e lepidópteros desfolhadores associados à Elaeis guineensis Jacq., na Agropalma, Amazônia Brasileira

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Tinôco, Ricardo Salles
• Orientador(a): Vilela, Evaldo Ferreira
• Banca de defesa: Moura, José Inácio Lacerda , Zanuncio, Teresinha Vinha
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Entomologia
• Departamento: Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Dendê; Inimigos naturais; Amazônia Brasileira
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Dende; Natural enemies; Brazilian Amazon
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3920

The dende tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) comes from Africa (Guiné-Bissau), and it was introduced in America during the XV century. In Brazil, its introduction occurred in Bahia, a northeast state, and the expansion of its plantation to a commercial level began in 1967. Any factor which interferes in the productivity of dende has to be considered since its growing importance in Brazil, especially in the new culture poles in the Northern states. Insects which are plagues represent one of the major phytosanitary issues of dende, and it has more or less importance according to where it occurs, according to the climate variability, flora and fauna surrounding them. The worst leaf eaters in the state of Pará are Brassolis sophorae, Opsiphanes invirae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Sibine sp. (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). The aim of the present study was to identify, in the family level, genera and or species, entomophagus insects (parasits e predators) and entomophagus organisms (bacterias, virus and or nemathoids) of leaf eater lepdopterus in the dende tree system, giving background to biological control programs. To do so, it is necessary to identify the agents of natural biological control and to understand the population dynamics and also the biology of these species in the dende ecosystem. This study took place in two different periods, low and high precipitation, in the plantation of Agropalma farms in the city of Tailândia, southeast of the state of Para. Parasited catterpilars were collect from the field and taken to the phytosanitary laboratories of Agropalma and the laboratories of Entomology of Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, in Belém, the capital of Para. Pupas and caterpillars were kept in transparent plastic recipients, individually in cameras type B.O.D. under 27ºC ± 1ºC, 75 ± 10% UR and 12 hours photo phase, until the outcome of parasites. The samples were set up and or put inside 70% alcohol before they were taken to be identified. The catterpilars infected by fungus or virus were frozen inside plastic bags under -20ºC, after they were separeted according to the kind of host and the area where they were found. Then they were sent to be identified in the Federal University of Viçosa. There were thirty five different species taken to be identified by taxonomists, among them 28 species of 18 genus in 10 families of the benefitious entomofauna and 3 genus of fungus and 4 species of plagues infected by virus. From those samples, twelve were identified in the species level and one is still unidentified. Special importance has to be given to some species of the Conuragenera once they present high fecundity and short life cycle; Cotesia specie, with wide use in biological control programs around the world and Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), which decrease the occurrence of leaf eater caterpillars and entomopathogenes agents, which can cause high infection rates in plague lepdopterus. The results show a great potential of use in biological control of MIP in dende farms.