Guias de onda com um ambiente para testes de uma eletrodinâmica com violação das simetrias de Lorentz e CPT

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, André Herkenhoff
• Orientador(a): Melo, Winder Alexander de Moura
• Banca de defesa: Redinz, José Arnaldo , Peixoto, Guilherme de Berredo , Piguet, Olivier
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Física Aplicada
• Departamento: Física Teórica e Computacional; Preparação e Caracterização de Materiais; Sensores e Dispositivos.
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Simetria de Lorentz; Simetria CPT; Quebra de simetria; Guias de onda; Eletrodinâmica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Lorentz symmetries; CPT symmetries; Broken of symmetrie; Waveguides; Electrodynamic
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4243

We study a CPT- and Lorentz-odd electrodynamics in (3+1) dimensions, obtained by adding a Chern-Simons-like term to the usual Maxwell model, as described by the radiation sector of the Standard Model Extension. Once this term is proportional to a constant background "4-vector", (kAF)µ, wich selects a preferred direction in the spacetime (breaking its isotropy), Lorentz and CPT symmetries no longer hold. We start by revisiting the model to analyse the behavior of classical electromagnetic waves coming from this modified electrodynamics when propagating in free space, establishing important results for future use when considering the radiation constrained to propagate inside hollow conductor waveguides, open along z. There, we find that geometrical features combined with boundary conditions yield effects that can strongly deviate from the standard results, despite the smallness of the breaking parameter itself. Particularly, if (kAF)µ points along x (or y) direction, with (kAF)0 = 0, only transverse electric modes, with Ez = 0, should be observed propagating throughout the guide, whereas all the transverse magnetic, Bz = 0, should be absent. Such a strong mode suppression makes waveguides quite suitable to probe these symmetry violations using a simple and easily reproducible apparatus. Nevertheless, by recalling the non-observation of such macroscopic effects in this widely used apparatus, our results inevitably witness against these claimed violations; otherwise, all of these experiments would have been performed in reference frames with (kAF)0 diferente de 0. If this is the case, our results remarkably provide an appropriate and relatively easy way to definitely probe for such symmetry-breakings: these same experiments performed in reference frames where (kAF)0 = 0 would undoubtedly detect those large effects in the electric and magnetic fields associated to these confined waves.