Multiploidia em calos provenientes de anteras de tomate

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Julião, Sirlei Aparecida
• Orientador(a): Carvalho, Carlos Roberto de
• Banca de defesa: Motoike, Sérgio Yoshimitsu , Clarindo, Wellington Ronildo
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cultura de anteras; Meiócitos; Calos; Ploidia de DNA; Citometria de fluxo; Tomate
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Anther culture; Meiocytes; Calos, DNA Ploidy; Flow cytometry; Tomato
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4771

The anther culture has been applied in tomato as an attempt to induce callogenesis followed by regeneration of haploid and doubled haploid plants. By this technique, homozygous lines can be obtained, which has been considered relevant to breeding programs and molecular techniques. The androgenetic response can be influenced by several factors, especially the development stage of microsporogenesis. In this perspective, this study adapted a protocol by associating of flow cytometry and cytogenetic techniques in order to relate the development stages of microsporogenesis in tomato anthers to their size, aiming to select anthers profiles to be inoculated into culture medium. After a flow cytometry protocol was adapted for calli obtained in vitro, in order to monitor the DNA ploidy level. The nuclear suspensions analyzed by flow cytometry were obtained from digestion of anther cells and further homogenization using a mini mixer. The histograms showed low CV s, being considered suitable for cytometric analysis. Thus, anthers small (0.5 0.7 mm), showing cells in interphase/prophase I, exhibited a histogram profile similar to that observed in diploid leaf, and anthers large (1.6 1.9 mm), containing tetrad and microspores, showed an haploid peak and a G2 peak enlarged due to the presence of tetrads. From these analyzes, anthers of flower buds 1 5 mm, with size corresponding to those analyzed by flow cytometry and cytogenetics (0.5 1.9 mm), were inoculated in the callogenesis induction medium, to identify the phases more responsive to the condition in vitro. The basal MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 AIA and 1 mg L-1 2 ip, induced 21.7% of callogenesis, and the highest percentage of calli was obtained from anthers of flower buds 2.0 3.9 mm, corresponding to the phases prophase I to anaphase II. The calli were analyzed by flow cytometry to identify the DNA ploidy. The chopping performed on calli afforded the nuclei isolation, and histograms with CV s considered suitable were obtained. The cytometric analysis revealed that the all calli were multiploids, each of which presented one of five classes of DNA ploidy levels, namely: 2C-4C-8C-16C; 2C-4C-8C-16C-32C; 4C-8C; 4C-8C-16C; 8C-16C-32C. A total of 44.4% of calli analyzed showed five levels of DNA ploidy. A statistical test of interaction showed that the size of flower buds had no effect on polyploidization occurred in the calli. These data evidence the somaclonal variation occurrence, which, probably, results from the interaction of genotype with growth regulators added to the induction medium.