Doenças do Morangueiro: Etiologia, epidemiologia e sensibilidade a fungicidas

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Ueder Pedro
• Orientador(a): Zambolim, Laércio
• Banca de defesa: Finger, Fernando Luiz , Cunha, Luis Claudio Vieira da , Costa, Hélcio , Furtado, Gleiber Quintão
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitopatologia
• Departamento: Etiologia; Epidemiologia; Controle
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Morango - Doenças e pragas - Controle biológico; Morango - Cultivo; Mofo (Botânica); Fungicidas; Plantas - Efeito dos fungicidas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Strawberry - Diseases and pests - Biological control; Strawberry - Growing; Mould (Botany); Fungicides; Plants - Effect of fungicides
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1068

The culture of strawberry , Fragaria x ananassa Duch, has faced several problems, among which we highlight those caused by pathogens. In addition to widely known diseases such as gray mold, new diseases have caused serious damage to the crop. In order to study the various problems of strawberry culture, this study aimed to: i) identify the causal agent of a postharvest fruit rot in strawberry , ii) to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of the redness in strawberry, whose etiology is still unknown; iii) determine the species of Botrytis that cause gray mold in strawberry in Brazil iv) conduct a survey of the current situation of fungicides for control of gray mold on strawberry v) to study the sensitivity of isolates of B. cinerea to dicarboxamide and benzimidazole fungicides. In order to identify the causal agent of post harvest fruit rot of strawberry, isolates from symptomatic fruits were analyzed by morphologic and phylogenetic analyzes. After confirming the pathogenicity of the isolates, species identification as Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense and N. parvum was taken. This is the first report of the occurrence of Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense in Brazil and the first report of Neofusicoccum spp. causing rot in strawberry. By studying the pattern of temporal and spatial distribution of the redness of strawberry was conducted in four areas of commercial cultivation. With the data on incidence of disease progress curves and dispersion maps were constructed, and analysis of aggregation of plants by ordinary runs test. The results showed that the disease has a similar disease biotic distribution pattern similar to diseases which are dispersed in the row. To achieve other goals, isolates were obtained from plants with symptoms of gray mold on various properties of different cities in the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, totaling 200 isolates. Initially, a study was conducted to verify the occurrence of other species of Botrytis in the fields of strawberry cultivation in Brazil. For this, the extraction of DNA from all strains was performed, followed by PCR with the specific species and B. cinerea and B. caroliniana primers. Despite the morphological variation observed among isolates , all were identified as B. cinerea . The survey on the practices used to control gray mold on strawberry was performed directly with the producers, who were asked about the products used for the control of disease, efficiency of these products and use of the practice of removing diseased material . It was possible to observe many problems, especially reduced use of cultural control measures, the use of products not recommended for culture and the low level of knowledge of the farmers. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the isolated main culture fungicides (iprodione , procymidone and thiophanate- methyl) was carried. Thus, a total of 100 isolates were grown in culture medium containing different doses of the fungicide was used. The results showed that 89% of isolates were insensitive to thiophanate-methyl fungicide, 36% to and 54% to procymidone. Considering the limited number of fungicides registered for the control of gray mold and the low sensitivity of isolates of B. cinerea to these products , it becomes difficult to manage this important disease of strawberry.