Recomendação de fertilizantes para violeta africana de acordo com o requerimento e suprimento nutricional

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Matta, Patrícia Morais da
• Orientador(a): Venegas, Victor Hugo Alvarez
• Banca de defesa: Barbosa, José Geraldo , Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
• Departamento: Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Taxa de recuperação pela planta; Taxa de recuperação pelo extrator; Requerimento
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Recovery rate by the plant; Recovery rate by extraction; Application
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5499

Fertilization is the most limited factor to violets production, since there are no specific recommendations for the same. Thus, a method was developed for fertilizer recommendation based on demand and nutritional requirement of the crop, the method of nutrient supply, in which the general principles of the laws of fertilization are satisfied. The objectives of this study were to determine the demand and the rate of recovery of macro and micronutrients by the African violet; estimating recovery rates of macro and micronutrients by extractors forms available and determine the dose that meets the requirements of African violet throughout the cycle . The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UFV. The experimental design used was a factorial (2 × 6 × 4) +1, two varieties of violet, Kalisa and Fiesta, cultivated with six doses (0, 20, 40, 60, 120 and 200 mg/dm3/aplicação) fertilizer fluid, each application of 100ml every 7 d for the experimental unit (consisting of a plate 3 pots of 0.4 dm ³ of each substrate and a plant), and four harvest times (35, 70, 105, and 140 d after the start of application of fertilizer levels), totaling 48 treatments, more time zero corresponding to the sampled saplings on the day they arrived in the department. In each sample was also collected a sample of the substrate of each experimental unit for chemical analysis. The plant part (leaf, and inflorescence meristem) was dried in forced-circulation oven at 70 ° C, weighed, ground and calcined (0.1 g) in an oven at 475 ° C. Thereafter was added 10 ml of HCl 0.1 mol / L and was filtered extract, adding 10 mL deionized water (final volume 20 mL), and followed by analysis of S, Ca, Mg, B, Mo, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), of which P was determined by colorimetry, the flame photometer for K and N by the Kjeldahl method (Jackson, 1979; Bremner, 1979). From the content of the nutrient i (tNui) and the dry matter yield of each plant organ (MMSO) plant was obtained by the nutrient content of plant organ (cNuov = tNui × MMSO) and, by summation, the total content the nutrient in the plant (cNuit = CNu Leaf + CNu Inflorescence + CNu Meristem). The nutrient requirement of the plant is obtained by dividing the demand for nutritional recovery rate of nutrient by the plant. The recovery rate was calculated by the extractor in two ways, with the goal of estimating the actual amount of nutrients present in the substrate, since the extractors are not able to extract 100% of the nutrients available to it was divided quantities found in the substrate for each extractor recovery rates calculated. The rate of recovery was calculated by the plant differential equations 7, where the numerator was always [100 (d̂ Nuij - d̂ Nui0)]; where dNuij = Demand nutrient by plants fertilized with j dose in mg / pl; and dNui0 = Demand nutrient absorbed by plants in the 0 dose in mg / pl, and the denominators were q̂NuiDji = Amount of nutrient provided by dosing j, per pot, in mg / pot; q̂NuiDjSi = Amount of nutrient available from dosing j, per pot, in mg / jar and the amount of nutrient i provided by the substrate in mg / jar. q̂NuiSij = Amount of nutrient substrate provided by the j dose in mg / jar. q̂NuiSc = Quantities provided by the nutrient substrate per pot adjusted by the rate of recovery by extraction of the nutrient i j dose in mg / jar. q̂NuiDjSc, = Amount of nutrient provided by applying j dose in mg / pot and the amount provided by the substrate per pot adjusted by the rate of recovery by extraction of the nutrient i j dose in mg / jar. q̂NuiSm = Amount of nutrient provided by the substrate corrected for the average recovery rate of nutrient extractor i j dose in mg / pot. q̂NuiDjSm = Amount of nutrient provided by applying j dose in mg / pot, and the amount of the nutrient substrate provided by i corrected by the average recovery rate of nutrient by the extractor i j dose in mg / jar. The equation that represents better recovery rates by the plant is one whose denominator is: q̂NuiDjSm due to the values of recovery rates Intermediates presenting, which creates an application that meets the needs of the plant and is economically viable. The highest recovery rates were for the extractor K; Variety Fiesta showed higher content of macro and micronutrients in relation to variety Kaliza except for Fe; Both varieties showed no significant differences in relation to the accumulation of dry matter; Higher recovery rates for the plant were to K, N and Mo; dose 120 mg / dm ³ / application provided greater dry matter accumulation, with high recovery rates, and the recommended dose for both varieties.