Atenção Primária à Saúde em contexto de fronteira: perspectiva de enfermeiros em intercâmbio Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Izuka, Adriana Dias Lourenço
• Orientador(a): Fabriz, Luciana Aparecida
• Banca de defesa: Pinto, Ione Carvalho , Contiero, Ana Paula
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná; Foz do Iguaçu
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública em Região de Fronteira
• Departamento: Centro de Educação Letras e Saúde
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cooperação técnica; Enfermeiros; Atenção primária à saúde; Áreas de fronteira
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Technical cooperation; Nurses; Primary health care; Border areas
• Palavras-chave em Espanhol: Cooperación técnica; Enfermeras; Atención primaria de salud; Zonas fronterizas
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: SAUDE COLETIVA::SAUDE PUBLICA
• Link de acesso: https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8148

The Brazilian border region comprises 27% of the national territory, encompassing more than 10 million inhabitants distributed across 588 municipalities. It is a strategic area, characterized by complex cultural, political, and social interactions, which highlight inequalities and reinforce the need for integrated public policies, especially in the health area. In this context, the Technical-Scientific Exchange of Nurses from Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina was conceived, promoted by the Federal Nursing Council in partnership with the Regional Nursing Council of Paraná, Itaipu Binacional and the Municipal Health Department of Foz do Iguaçu, with the aim of integrating Primary Health Care professionals in a city in the triple border region. This study aimed to analyze the exchange process in Primary Health Care from the perspective of nurses from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism, which understands meanings as social constructions developed in human interactions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 nurses who work in Primary Health Care in Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil), as well as in cities in Paraguay and Argentina, all of whom participated in the exchange. The data were analyzed using the Content Analysis technique in the thematic modality. The results revealed striking differences between the three countries in terms of professional autonomy, division of tasks, structure of health services, and institutional appreciation of Nursing. In Brazil, there was greater organization of services, use of clinical protocols, computerization, and recognition of nurses as protagonists in care. In the Argentine and Paraguayan contexts, professionals reported difficulties related to medical centralization, scarcity of resources, and accumulation of functions, which compromise the quality of care and the appreciation of the category. The interaction between professionals during the exchange allowed for the redefinition of practices, the strengthening of collaborative bonds, and the expansion of critical awareness about their own contexts of action. The experience also contributed to the development of cultural and relational skills that are fundamental for care in border regions, where demands are transnational andchallenges are often shared. It is concluded that echnical-scientific exchange constitutes a transformative strategy for strengthening Nursing, regional integration, and the qualification of Primary Health Care in the Triple Border Region. The results indicate the importance of public policies that encourage collaborative actions, value Nursing, and promote integrated, humanized, and culturally sensitive care in border areas.