Digestão anaeróbia de dejeto suíno: potencial bioquímico de metano e a influência de estratégias operacionais

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Amaral, André Cestonaro do
• Orientador(a): Kunz, Airton
• Banca de defesa: Bortoli, Marcelo , Gonçalves, Morgana Suszek , Costa, Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça , Gomes, Simone Damasceno
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná; Cascavel
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: PBM; Biogás; Dejeto suíno
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: BMP; Biogas
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE AGUA E SOLO
• Link de acesso: http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3042

Brazilian swine production presents industrial characteristics, with confined animals and stratified units, i.e., there are large production units specialized in specific stages of production. Generally, these units concentrate a large number of animals and generate effluents that must be correctly managed to avoid environmental impact. This study was divided in two stages, in which the first, aimed to determine the influence of simplified and cheap solid-liquid separation strategies and different manure from each swine production phases on biogas and methane yield. Samples were collected in two gestating sows house (GSH-a and GSH-b), two farrowing sows house (FSH-a and FSH-b), a nursery house (NH) and a finishing house (FH). Biochemical methane production (BMP) tests were performed according to international standard procedure (VDI 4630). The settled sludge fraction represents 20 to 30% of raw manure volume, producing 40 to 60% of the total methane yield. The methane potential of settled sludge fraction was about 2 times higher than the supernatant fraction. There are differences on biogas yield between the raw manure of different swine production phases (GSH-a 326.4 and GSH-b 577.1; FSH-a 860.1 and FSH-b 479.2; NH -970.2; FH 474.5 mLNbiogas.gVS-1). The differences are relative to production phase (feed type, feeding techniques, etc.), but also to the management of the effluent inside the facilities (water management). In the second stage, the influence of anaerobic digestion key parameters on methane recovery capacity were studied, as well as archaea community in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) fed with swine manure were investigated. Batch (according VDI, 4630) and continuous (CSTR reactor) experiments were performed in order to define the highest methane productiveness and lower methane emission (a greenhouse gas). Organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), free ammonia concentration and archaea community were investigated on operational parameters for process control. It was found that OLR of 1.06 kgVS.m-3.d-1 and HRT of around 20 days contribute to better methane recovery, which can result in higher biogas plant productivity and reduction of methane emissions. Results showed that there is no evidence of global anaerobic digestion inhibition due to the free ammonia concentration, but a probable influence on the main methanogenic metabolic pathway (hydrogenotrophic). Additionally, a correlation between the process stability and the increase in the number of methanogenic archaea was observed. These results can be used for biogas plants to achieve higher methane productiveness and lower methane emission.