Evaluation of hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in individuals immunized with two doses of vaccines for Covid-19 and the relationship with neutralizing antibodies

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Laura Smolski dos
• Orientador(a): Manfredini , Vanusa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Pampa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado Acadêmico em Bioquímica
• Departamento: Campus Uruguaiana
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Neutralizing antibodies; Vaccines; COVID-19; Anticorpos neutralizantes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.unipampa.edu.br/handle/123456789/11297

At the end of 2019, there was the emergence of a pandemic, characterized by the spread of a viral disease in the world, leading to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the etiological agent was identified as SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease Corona Virus (COVID-19). In 2021, vaccines against COVID-19 emerged, and in Brazil, there are four vaccines that were applied to the population: CoronaVac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Janssen, which are intended to produce neutralizing antibodies, important for immunization. Oxidative stress seems to be present in several known pathologies, and can cause several pathological processes, leading to damage to biomolecules. The objective of this work is to investigate whether the redox state influences the production of neutralizing antibodies, to verify if it causes changes in hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and to analyze the sociodemographic profile of individuals vaccinated with two doses of AstraZeneca and Pfizer in the city of Uruguaiana, RS , Brazil. The project was authorized by the Ethics and Research Committee of UNIPAMPA under the number 20200910185239. For this, a questionnaire was applied to the participants, who signed the Free and Informed Consent Form, and venous blood was collected from them, to analyze hematological parameters (hemogram complete), biochemical (total proteins), inflammatory (interleukins, ferritin, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonylation (carbonyl), micronucleus (MN) , enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) and levels of neutralizing antibodies. The study had 115 individuals, 44 controls, 44 AstraZeneca group and 27 Pfizer group, where the control group consisted of healthy individuals, only for neutralizing antibodies that were used individuals infected with COVID-19. The majority were female in both vaccine groups, with an average age of 32 years for AstraZeneca and 29 years for Pfizer. Most of AstraZeneca had higher education and Pfizer had secondary education, and most of both groups reported income of one minimum wage. Most of the two groups did not have chronic diseases, did not use continuous medication and were not smokers, did not use alcohol, did not practice physical activities or used supplements. The vaccination period was similar in both groups and most did not contract COVID-19 at some point in the past. Most reported adverse effects after vaccination. Hematological parameters showed no major changes, while the biochemical and inflammatory profile of interleukins and ferritin were increased, but LDH levels decreased in relation to the control group. The frequency of MN decreased and TBARS and carbonyl increased, while the levels of enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant status and glutathione peroxidase also increased in both vaccine groups, while catalase only increased in the Pfizer group. As for non-enzymatic antioxidants, there was a decrease in the levels of vitamin C and vitamin D showed little change in the groups. There was a very marked increase in the production of neutralizing antibodies in the group vaccinated with Pfizer compared to the control, but the AstraZeneca group also produced neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the results suggest that the analyzed vaccines are safe in relation to the parameters studied and that they produced neutralizing antibodies, in addition to showing and detailing the socio-demographic profile of the participants.