Solventes eutéticos naturais profundos (NADES): uma plataforma de extração eficiente e sustentável para compostos de alto valor agregado da casca do maracujá

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Castilho, Geovana Rodrigues de [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biomateriais; Química de produtos naturais; Química verde; Flavonoides; Solventes eutéticos naturais profundos; Bioactive compounds; Natural deep eutectic solvents; Sustainable extraction
• Link de acesso: https://hdl.handle.net/11449/317527

This study describes the development and evaluation of a green extraction method for high-value phenolic compounds from the agro-industrial residue of Passiflora edulis Sims (sour passion fruit) peel, using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as a sustainable alternative to conventional organic solvents. Based on the principles of Green Chemistry and Circular Economy, nine NADES formulations were tested, with the malic acid:choline chloride mixture (1:1, m/m) showing the highest efficiency. The extraction, carried out by dynamic maceration, was optimized using a 2³ central composite design (CCD), resulting in optimal conditions of 60 °C, 40 min, and a concentration of 100 g·L⁻¹. The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT-MS), enabling the identification of five major flavonoids: vicenin-2, tri-hydroxyflavone-C-hexoside-pentoside, orientin, kaempferitrin, and isovitexin. Comparison with the most efficient conventional method (methanol:water 7:3, v/v) demonstrated superior performance of the optimized approach, with a total peak area of target compounds of 856.0×10³ mAU, compared to 172.1×10³ mAU for the methanolic extract. The sustainability of both approaches was assessed using the GAPI and AGREE metrics, revealing better performance for the NADES composed of malic acid:choline chloride (1:1, m/m), which achieved a global index of 0.74, indicating lower environmental impact and reduced occupational risk. The results demonstrate that the use of NADES represents an effective and environmentally responsible strategy for the valorization of plant residues, reinforcing the potential of these solvents as green substitutes for toxic solvents in analytical and industrial applications.