Avaliação da autozigosidade em vacas Nelore (Bos indicus) através de genótipos SNP de alta densidade

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Zavarez, Ludmilla Balbo [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bovino; Nelore (Zebu); Domesticação; Endogamia; Genômica; Inbreeding
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123816; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/09-06-2015/000830516.pdf

The current beef cattle chain has had significant help of animal breeding programs to its success. The development of different methods to perform phenotypic and genotypic evaluation has the objective of selecting flocks and producing genetically superior animals with standardized production. The productive standardization of a herd must be the result of directed matings, which can lead to increased incidence of homozygous alleles in the genome of animals. The increase of autozygosity in the population, i.e., increasing the number of animals with alleles identical by descent (IBD), is derived from the mating of related individuals. In this context, the most robust tool to identifies the animal's genome fragments that are identical by descent is the estimation of the inbreeding coefficient based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), which is called (FROH). Evolutionary events, such as the process of natural selection, random or genetic drift, and population bottleneck, may have contributed towards increasing the autozygosity and occurrence of IBD alleles in the genome of a population resulting crosses of related individuals. This thesis reviewed the state of the art with respect to the study of inbreeding determined by genomic analysis (Chapter 1), and applied this knowledge in the analysis of the distribution of autozygosity levels based on runs of homozygosity (ROH) in 1,278 Nelore females genotyped to more than 777,000 SNPs, and identified autozygote regions possibly associated with natural selection, domestication, fertility, evolution and adaptation of cattle (Chapter 2). This study open prospects for conducting detailed analysis on the influence of genomic autozygosity caused by selective pressure on specific alleles in Nelore cattle