Identificação e caracterização de fungos melanizados com potencial de degradação de tolueno

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Baron, Noemi Carla [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Fungi; Fungos; Biologia - Classificação; Hidrocarbonetos; Biodegradação; Biorremediação
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123669

The introduction of xenobiotics compounds in the environment by human activities has become a common situation since the industrial revolution. Oil and its derivatives are the main polluters nowadays. Associated with the contaminations, a grave devastation of affected ecosystems happened and remains to these days causing unmeasured damage to nature. Searching for recovery of the homeostasis of affected local, alternatives to physical, chemical and biological removal of the contaminants have been developed. The set of techniques that aim the biological removal of organic pollutants is called bioremediation, currently accepted as the best by the scientific community, because the use of microbial metabolism results in low or no negative impact on ecosystems. The use of fungi in bioremediation is growing, among them melanized fungi form a group of particular interest. Characterized by black pigmentation of their colonies due the deposition of melanin in their cell wall, recent studies have shown its involvement in processes of hydrocarbon biodegradation, including BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes). Extremophilic and oligotrophic characteristics of these fungi are important aspects that corroborate with their potential use in bioremediation processes, as well as studies involving bioprospecting of new natural products, such as enzymes. After years of study our group has preserved a significant number of melanized yeasts and filamentous fungi isolated from different environmental substrates associated with hydrocarbons. From 200 selected isolates of this collection, it was sought those with the greatest potential for toluene biodegradation. The already published data on the subject based the establishment of a new proposal for screening BTEX-assimilating microfungi and to elaborate adapted bottles for chromatographic analysis of headspace. In addition, morphological and molecular identification of the 200 isolates resulted in...