Propriedades químicas e físicas do material particulado atmosférico e seus efeitos no crescimento de partículas

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Leticia Caetano da [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
• Palavras-chave em Português: Quimica analitica; Atmosfera; Aerossois; Mudanças climaticas; Aerosols
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108489

Aerosols are suspended solid or liquid species and / or airborne, with an average diameter of the nano or micron order. Aerosols can modify the atmosphere of the planet, affect the health of living beings, change the visibility and even the weather and availability of drinking water. These facts justify the need to improve the knowledge about their physical and chemical characteristics. Rapid changes in the amount and composition of aerosols in the atmosphere are the result of human activities, which are increasing as a result of economic expansion. Outside urban centers , the activities related to agribusiness are responsible for much of the emission of aerosols. The region of the center - west of São Paulo is distinguished by large area for sugar cane crop. Significant part still uses the of straw burning to facilitate the manual harvesting. The present study describes the chemical and physical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in the state of São Paulo in the period from May 2010 to February 2012. The largest number of samples was collected in the central region of the state, the city of Araraquara, UNESP at the Campus, located southwest of the urban area. Other samples were collected southwest of the state , in the Ourinhos city, at the campus of UNESP, located 5 km from the city center. Together the campaign participated different research groups. To collect the aerosol was used Teflon filters and flow sampling ≈ 9 L min-1. This procedure allowed the collection of total suspended particulate matter. In the collected samples were determined water soluble ionic species by ion chromatography (NH4+, Na+, K+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , Cl- , NO3- , SO42- , PO43- , C2O42-). Equipment used did not enabled the separation of organic species acetate and formate, shown here as the summation of these organic anions ( H3CCOO- + HCOO-). In parallel directly measurements were performed to get the number concentration of particles...