A relação entre liberdade econômica e o PIB per capita dos países no período de 2000-2017: uma análise de dados em painel.

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Sérgio Gaspar Laranjeira
• Orientador(a): Scarano, Paulo Rogério
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
• Palavras-chave em Português: desempenho econômico; liberdade econômica.; instituições; PIB per capita; painel de dados.
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
• Link de acesso: https://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/28465

Economic growth has constantly been an area of research, study and economic theorical and empiric discussion. During last decades, besides traditional variables like capital, labor and technology, the impact of institutions had been taken into consideration. In 1995, two new indexes were created to account for the quality of these institutions, Economic Freedom of the World (EFW), from Fraser institute, and Economic Freedom Index (EFI) from Heritage foundation, which objective was to, given a defined and clear methodology, provide a measurement of the quality of the institutions present in each of world´s nations. This measure is relevant, since economic theory points out that inclusive institutions are those in which property rights are freely exchanged in the market favoring economic performance. Thus, the present work analyzes, through a panel of 91 countries, from 2000 to 2017, the effect of economic freedom, using the above-mentioned indexes, on the level of their per capita product. For the construction of the models, a review of the theoretical literature was carried out, which indicated the main factors that affected economic growth and, therefore, its level of GDP per capita. In this context, the discussion about the role of institutions for the prosperity of a nation was included. From this review, the dependent and explanatory variables used in recent empirical studies linking institutions to economic performance were identified, as well as the presentation of their respective econometric methodologies. From the review of the empirical literature, the models used in this research were elaborated, the results of which showed that the economic freedom indexes used (both EFW and EFI) have a positive effect for the per capita product level of the countries, that is, as the degree of economic freedom increases, the level of its GDP per capita also increases.