Intervenções para promoção de resiliência em crianças e adolescentes: revisão sistemática da literatura e desenvolvimento de um programa para escolares

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Pinto, Tatiana Matheus
• Orientador(a): Macedo, Elizeu Coutinho de
• Banca de defesa: Teixeira, Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , Araujo, Ceres Alves de , Boggio, Paulo Sérgio , Mecca, Tatiana Pontrelli
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: resiliência; programa; intervenção; adolescentes; crianças
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA COGNITIVA
• Link de acesso: https://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/28572

Resilience might be defined as the ability to cope and recover from situations of adversity that involve stress, trauma, challenges or difficulties. This ability is not a fixed and immutable personality trait, but a personal characteristic that changes according to individual’s exposure to risk factors and protective factors. Exposure to risk factors could promote greater maladjustment and less resilient capacity; on the other hand, exposure to protective factors could promote greater adaptation and resilient capacity. Thus, strategies that strengthen protective factors, mainly functional cognitive and behavioral aspects, could increase resilience of individuals, especially with children and adolescents. Structured intervention programs focused on resilience have been developed over the years. These programs might be aimed at different populations, implemented in different contexts and have a wide range of characteristics in their format. However, despite the increase of scientific interest on resilience and promotion strategies, a gap might be observed in Brazilian studies that aim to develop resilience-focused programs for the country's youth population. Therefore, the present dissertation consists of two studies. The first study is a systematic literature review aimed to analyze the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic resilience-focused programs, relative to comparison groups, in promoting resilience among children and adolescents, as well as summarize the main features of these programs. Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included in the review and thirteen were included in the meta-analysis. Qualitative results indicated a higher frequency of programs with a cognitive-behavioral approach carried out face-to-face and in groups, implemented in the school setting, with five to ten sessions. The results of the meta-analysis indicated overall effectiveness of programs in promoting resilience, especially among the adolescent population. These results seem to be sustained at least for six months. The second study aimed to develop a new resilience-focused program for adolescents. Initially, the program was developed to be implemented face-to-face, in groups, and in a school setting; however, the program had to be adapted to an online and self-guided format. This new online program consisted of eight modules, with two modules released per week to participants. As there was substantial sample mortality, it was not possible to access the programs’ effectiveness, and we decided to investigate possible reasons for participants’ drop out. Thus, correlation analyzes were conducted between the scores of resilience, depression and life satisfaction with the maximum program module that participants completed. Although not significant, we found an inverse and weak correlation between the subscale ER - Sensitivity of RSCA, CDI and Self compared of MSLS, with the maximum module of participation in the program. With the FDR correction analyzes, the correlations were not found. The studies presented contribute to the growth of scientific evidence in the field of intervention programs focused on resilience for children and adolescents and might help guiding future interventions. However, it should be noted that more research on these topics is necessary and extremely important.