Epidemiologia da podridão-de-cratera em frutos de meloeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: SENHOR, Rosenberg Ferreira
• Orientador(a): CÂMARA, Marcos Paz Saraiva
• Banca de defesa: OLIVEIRA, Sônia Maria Alves de, SILVEIRA, Norma Suely Sobral da, MARANHÃO, Eduardo Henrique de Albuquerque
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia
• Departamento: Departamento de Agronomia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pathogenesis; Inoculation; Inoculum; Melão; Umidade; Temperatura; Epidemiologia; Patogênese; Inoculação; Inóculo; Myrothecium roridum; Cucumis melo; Epidemiology; Temperature; Humidity
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6654

The crater rot, caused by the fungus Myrothecium roridum, is an important disease of melon (Cucumis melo) fruits in the Northeast producing fields of Brazil. This work aimed to analyze the influence of the inoculation method (pulverization, drop deposition, pulverization with wound, drop deposition with wound, and sub-epidermal injection), wound intensity (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 wounds), wound age (0, 3 and 6 hours), fruit age (12, 22 and 27 days), humidity (with and without moist chamber), temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C) and inoculum concentration (101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 and 107 conidia.mL-1) of three M. roridum isolates (LE-609, LE-636 and LE-766) on the severity of the crater rot in melon fruits type Yellow (cv. AF-682) and Honeydew (cv. Orange Flesh). All inoculations were made in melon health fruits, after washing and superficial desinfestation. Each fruit was inoculated in six equidistant points and the cater rot severity was evaluated after five days, by assesment of the lesion area in each inoculated point. Crater rot severity was influenced by the interaction between inoculation methods, pathogen isolates and melon cultivars. Symptoms werenot observed in the fruits without wounds. The inoculations by pulverization or drop deposition lead to bigger lesions in wounded fruits. Sub-epidermal injection inoculation presented smaller lesions when compared with pulverization or drop deposition methods. The disease severity increased as the number of wounds rise, reaching the maximum with 10 wounds. A tendency of reduction of the disease severity was verified in fruits with the increase of the wound age. Lesions were significantly smaller in the fruits wounded six hours before the inoculation than in those wounded immediately before the inoculation. Fruit age was not decisive to increase or reduce the cater rot severity. The presence of free water in the surface of the fruits was unnecessary to initiate the infection process by M. roridum isolates, although the lesions were bigger in the fruits kept under moist chamber. In the absence of moist chamber, the biggest lesions were verified in cultivar Orange Flesh. All M. roridum isolates caused disease symptoms, being distinguished LE-639 which caused the biggest lesions with and without moist chamber. The temperature significantly influenced the severity of thedisease. The optimum estimates temperatures for disease development in the cultivars AF-682 and Orange Flesh were 26.1ºC and 26.2ºC, respectively. The smaller lesions were esteemed at 38.6 ºC in all interactions. Disease severity increased with theincrement in M. roridum inoculum concentration, reaching the maximum at 107 conidia.mL-1. In cultivar AF-682, the presence of symptoms were not observed in the fruits inoculated with the isolate LE-609 in the concentration of 101 conidia.mL-1, the same pattern was observed with the isolates LE-639 and LE-766 at concentrations of 102 and 103 conidia.mL-1, respectively. Considering the cultivar Orange Flesh, all isolated were able to induce disease symptoms beginning at a concentration of 103 conidia.mL-1.