Comparative analysis between SinGlass® 45S5 bioactive glass and SinGlass® High (F18) bioactive glass in the repair process of critical defects in rat calvaria: histomorphological, histomorphometric, microtomographic, and immunohistochemical analysis

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Nogueira, Dayane Maria Braz
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biomateriais; Biomaterials; Bone regeneration; Bone substitutes; Regeneração óssea; Substitutos ósseos
• Link de acesso: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25152/tde-28112025-123511/

Bone defects resulting from periodontal disease or tooth loss are frequently observed and can pose challenges to the functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of patients. Regenerative procedures are often indicated to restore optimal periodontal and bone architecture. Various types of bone grafts have been developed to regenerate tissue architecture as closely as possible to its original state. Alloplastic biomaterials have gained prominence in both medical and dental clinical applications, with SinGlass® 45S5 and SinGlass® High (F18) emerging as promising options due to their regenerative properties. Objective: In Article 1, the aim was to conduct a comprehensive literature review on the application and outcomes of 45S5 bioactive glass in bone defects. In Article 2, the objective was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of SinGlass (45S5) and SinGlass High (F18) bioactive glasses in the regeneration of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in rats. Materials and Methods: In Article 1, a systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, focusing on English-language articles published in the last decade, using the combined keywords \"bioglass 45S5 AND bone defect\". In Article 2, 42 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 90 days and weighing approximately 300 g, were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 14 per group): Control Group (G1/CG), with calvarial defects filled with a local blood clot; SinGlass Group (G2/SG), with defects filled with approximately 0.010 g of SinGlass 45S5; and High SinGlass Group (G3/HSG), with defects filled with approximately 0.010 g of SinGlass High (F18). Seven rats from each group were euthanized at 14 and 42 days post-surgery, and their calvaria were immediately collected for analysis. Results: In Article 1, the search yielded 27 articles, which were screened based on titles and abstracts according to the eligibility criteria: studies in animals and humans, written in English, with full-text access, and relevant to the topic. A total of 15 articles were selected for detailed analysis. Most studies compared 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) with other biomaterials, demonstrating that the incorporation of various composites enhances cellular biocompatibility and osteogenic potential, as evidenced by cellular response. In Article 2, both biomaterials promoted new bone formation around the particles, with G3/HSG exhibiting a higher rate of bone maturation. Histomorphological and birefringence analyses revealed better organization of newly formed bone in biomaterial-treated groups. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of osteogenic markers, such as osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4). Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) revealed centripetal bone formation in both biomaterial groups, with greater particle integration into the surrounding bone tissue. After 42 days, G3/HSG demonstrated the highest percentage of new bone formation. Conclusion: SinGlass High (F18) proved to be a promising alternative, promoting better tissue integration and accelerated recovery, while 45S5 BG and its derivatives present broad clinical applications, particularly when enhanced through modifications and refinements. Despite encouraging results, clinical validation requires more robust studies, with longer follow-up periods and diverse experimental models, to establish the effectiveness and safety of these materials in different clinical contexts.