Alteration of fiber digestibility for ruminants: effects on intake, performance, and ruminal ecosystem

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Dannylo Oliveira de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bactéria ruminal; Consumo; Digestibilidade da FDN; Intake; Levedura viva; Live yeast; NDF digestibility; Passage rate; Rumen bacteria; Taxa de passagem
• Link de acesso: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-18102017-124955/

The effect of increased neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) of sugarcane silage on intake, rumen kinetics and metabolism, microbial population, performance, and body fatness of beef cattle was evaluated through two trials. In the metabolism trial, eight ruminal-cannulated Nellore steers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design. In the performance trial, forty-eight Nellore young bulls were used in a complete randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Two sugarcane genotypes with high or low NDFD harvested for silage in two maturity stages were used (2 genotypes and 2 maturity stages). Diets were formulated with 40% of sugarcane on dry matter (DM) basis. Intake of DM was likely limited by metabolic feedback. The DM intake (DMI) of cannulated steers was reduced when late-maturity sugarcane was fed, but only with low-NDFD genotype. Turnover and passage rate of NDF was accelerated when high-NDFD genotype was fed. Rumen DM, NDF and iNDF pools were greater when diets with the low-NDFD genotype were fed. There was a tendency for greater relative populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus when animals were fed with diets containing low-NDFD genotype. Performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by treatments. Excess of NFC and fermentation end products of sugarcane silage can limit intake by metabolic pathway. High-NDFD genotype can accelerated NDF turnover and passage rate in the rumen. Late-maturity ensiled sugarcane can reduce DMI of beef steers fed with low-NDFD genotype. The effect of live yeast (LY - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077) on in situ fiber digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen cellulolytic bacteria population of grazing Nellore cattle was evaluated throughout the year. Eight rumen cannulated steers were used in a 2x4 factorial arrangement of treatments: with or without LY, and the four seasons of the year. Yeast was given daily to provide 8x109 CFU per animal. Animals were kept on a rotational grazing system with mineral supplementation. Every 45 d, in situ rumen NDF degradability of 5 reference forages was determined after 24 and 48h incubation. Rumen fluid was collected to measure yeast count and fermentation parameters, and rumen contents collected for quantitative PCR quantification of cellulolytic bacteria. Although pasture composition varied greatly throughout the year, there was no LY*season interaction. Yeast supplementation increased NDF degradability in all seasons. Among the four rumen bacteria evaluated, R. flavefaciens was the most prevalent and LY increased R. flavefaciens population in the summer and spring. Supplementing LY can benefit fibre-degrading bacteria and increase fibre degradability of grazing animals, independently of the season.