Potencial do sistema de filtração em múltiplas etapas (FiME) com o uso de materiais alternativos para o tratamento e remoção de metais pesados da água

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Padilha, Vitoria de Souza
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Londrina; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental; UTFPR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Água - Purificação - Coagulação; Água - Purificação - Filtração; Adsorção; Metais pesados; Water - Purification - Coagulation; Water - Purification - Filtration; Adsorption; Heavy metals; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA; Engenharia/Tecnologia/Gestão
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/36211

Access to basic sanitation is a fundamental human right, yet it remains inaccessible to many people. In Brazil, approximately 15.1% of the population lacks access to drinking water. Given this scenario, this study aims to evaluate the potential of the Multi-Stage Filtration System (FiME) for water treatment, using coconut fiber-activated carbon in the filter bed, combined with the adsorption technique for the removal of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), along with the organic coagulant Moringa oleifera. The system consists of a Dynamic Pre-Filter (PFD), a Gravel Pre-Filter (PFA), and a Slow Sand Filter (FL), utilizing an unconventional material, coconut fiber-activated carbon, as the filter medium in the FL. Additionally, the organic coagulant Moringa oleifera was employed to enhance the physical and chemical characteristics of the water. Furthermore, the study assessed the effectiveness of activated carbon as a natural adsorbent for removing heavy metals such as copper and zinc. The adsorbent was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET surface area determination, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Point of Zero Charge (PZC) determination. During FiME operation, the monitored parameters included pH, apparent color, turbidity, temperature, solids series, electrical conductivity, and heavy metals (Cu and Zn). Although FiME demonstrated good results, it did not fully comply with Ordinance GM/MS N° 888/2021, as it did not include a disinfection step, meaning the filtered water from the system is not considered potable. Moringa oleifera reduced water turbidity by 50% to 80% and apparent color by 20% to 75%. The activated carbon used as a support layer in the FL achieved over 95% removal for Cu and above 75% for Zn. It is concluded that the coconut fiber-activated carbon developed and used as a filter medium demonstrated great potential as an adsorbent in the FiME system. Combined with the organic coagulant Moringa oleifera, it presents itself as a sustainable solution for water treatment.