Uma filogenia mitocondrial de metazoários

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Garcia, Marcelo
• Orientador(a): Russo, Claudia Augusta de Moraes
• Banca de defesa: Meyer, Diogo , Paiva, Paulo César de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional
• Departamento: Serviço de Análise e Apoio a Formação de Recursos Humanos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Filiogenia; Metazoários; Evolução; Mitocôndria
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Phylogeny; Metazoan; Evolution; Mitochondrial
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::CIENCIA DA COMPUTACAO::TEORIA DA COMPUTACAO::COMPUTABILIDADE E MODELOS DE COMPUTACAO
• Link de acesso: https://tede.lncc.br/handle/tede/64

Inferring the evolutive relations between the animal phyla has been a formidable challenge to Science. The animal phyla represent quite distinct baupläne (body architectures) and are, therefore, difficult to compare. At the same time, their fossil record converges mostly to the same period on the geological scale. The recent availability of molecular data has, however, inaugurated a new front in animal phylogeny. The present work explores this opportunity by inferring a phylogeny with distance and maximum likelihood methods, employing all animal mitochondrial genomes ever sequenced. The results present only a few bigger groups with strong statistical support, like Diploblastica, Bilasteria, Protostomia and Deutorostomia, and many smaller groups of animals belonging to the same order or family. These results seems to confirm that the phyla radiated in such a short time interval that the phylogenetic signal did not hold out to produce a satisfactory resolution of the animal tree to date. Some limits may have yet to be tested, through models of evolution more fit to this scenario. For example was only recovered with the use of gamma distances for site-to-site substitution rate variability, at the expense of compressing the smaller branches throughout the tree. Nematodes and Platyhelminthes reveal a bias in GC and AT skew that cannot be adequately mapped by any reversible substitution pattern. Nevertheless, even if corrections are found for these issues, it is well possible that the hope of a better resolution in the animal tree will lie further on, by a better understanding of the evolutive process in a genomic scale.