A mora no contrato de seguro de danos

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Cavalcanti, Carolina de Oliveira Leite Bezerra
• Orientador(a): Nanni, Giovanni Ettore
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito
• Departamento: Faculdade de Direito
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Contrato de seguro; Mora do segurado; Mora da seguradora; Lei n. 15.040/2024; Código civil
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Insurance contract; Policyholder default; Insurer default; Law no. 15,040/2024; Civil code
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/45221

This dissertation examines default in property insurance contracts from doctrinal, regulatory, and jurisprudential perspectives. The research stems from the recognition that this is a highly controversial and intensely litigated matter involving central issues for the balance of insurance relations, yet paradoxically remains inadequately addressed by Brazilian legal scholarship in a systematic manner. Accordingly, this study seeks to deepen the analysis of policyholder default in premium payment and insurer default in claims handling and settlement, in light of the current Civil Code and the new regulatory framework established by Law No. 15,040/2024. The choice of topic is justified by both the practical need for uniformity and predictability in insurance relations, given the high degree of litigation, and the insufficient doctrinal treatment specifically regarding default in insurance contracts, particularly concerning its effects and exclusionary causes of liability. Law No. 15,040/2024 inaugurates a new phase in Brazilian insurance law by establishing clear and binding rules for both parties to the legal relationship: Articles 19-21 regulate in detail the circumstances of policyholder default, while Articles 88 and 89 introduce automatic insurer default with provision for objective patrimonial consequences. To help address these gaps and promote a critical and systematic reading of the new legal provisions, this research aims to: (i) demonstrate the doctrinal viability of applying automatic default (ex re) to policyholders upon premium payment; (ii) analyze the prevailing jurisprudence of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and the transformation in understanding regarding the need for prior demand (mora ex persona); (iii) evaluate the innovations introduced by Law No. 15,040/2024, in this matter (articles 19 to 21); (iv) argue, based on legal and systematic foundations, for applying automatic default to insurers in claims handling and settlement; and (v) systematize the circumstances constituting insurer default as well as exclusionary causes of liability; (vi) evaluate the innovations introduced by Law No. 15,040/2024 regarding the insurer's default (articles 86 to 88) The methodology is qualitative, documentary, and bibliographic, drawing on the Civil Code, Law No. 15,040/2024, SUSEP regulatory acts, higher court jurisprudence – especially from the STJ – and domestic and foreign legal doctrine. The approach is analytical-deductive, allowing interpretation of legal provisions in light of broader legal principles such as objective good faith, contractual balance, the social function of contracts, and legal certainty. The dissertation concludes that Law No. 15,040/2024 resolves significant doctrinal and practical controversies regarding the constitution of default in property insurance contracts by expressly providing for the need for prior demand to establish policyholder default (Arts. 19-21), thereby settling interpretive disagreements, and establishing automatic insurer default (Arts. 86-88), along with patrimonial effects of non-performance (Art. 88). The research demonstrates that these advances align Brazilian law with the most modern international practices, consolidating a more coherent, objective, and functional regime – though it remains necessary to await how SUSEP will issue interpretive regulatory acts for the new law and how domestic courts will interpret it in concrete application