Sistemática filogenética das pererecas das famílias Centrolenidae e Allophrynidae (Amphibia: Anura)

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: García, Marco Antonio Rada
• Orientador(a): Grant, Taran
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia
• Departamento: Faculdade de Biociências
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: ZOOLOGIA; FILOGENÉTICA; ANFÍBIOS
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/283

Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae constitute a a large clade of neotropical treefrogs of approximately 148 species. Althought some studies have been addressed phylogenetically this group, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis including a total evidence aproach has never been presented. The objetives of this study was: 1) test previosly phylogentic hypothesis in Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae; ii) test the monophyly of both families; iii) perform a new phylogenetic analysis using both DNA and phenotipic evidence and iv) analize the evolution of some morphological and behavior characters consistent with the hypothesized relationships proposed. This phylogentic analysis was based in 378 terminals (268 of ingroup) representing 145 spepcies, 189 phenotipic characters and approximately 8500pb of 13 genes. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in 34 most parsimonious trees of 67.821 steps, which are summarized in a strict consensus cladogram. Concurring with previous studies, the Total Evidence phylogenetic analysis here performed corroborated the closely relationship between Allophrynidae and Centrolenidae families, it also corroborated the monophyly of subfamilies Hyalinobatrachiinae and Centroleninae. A new subfamily Allobatrachinae and new genus Allobatrachium are erected to allocate Allobatrachium sp, which form the sister taxon of all others centrolenids. Within Hyalinobatrachiinae, the genera Hyalinobatrachium and Celsiella are corroborated as monophyletic. Other results support a sister-group relationship between Ikakogi, Celsiella + Hyalinobatrachium. Whitin Centroleninae, two main clades were recovered: the first includes the tribe Cochranellini and the second another clade no named but composed of two mayors groups Nymphargus + Centrolene. Whitin Cochranellini, the analyses also corroborated the monophyly of Cochranella, Espadarana, Rulyrana, Sachatamia, Chimerella and Vitreorana but, Teratohyla is demonstrably nonmonophyletic: ((Chimerella (Teratohyla + Vitreorana)) (Teratohyla ((Cochranella + Espadarana) (Rulyrana + Sachatamia)))). To reconcile this situation, the genus Chimerella (one species) and two species of Teratohyla (T.amelie and T. pulverata) are placed in the synonymy of Vitreorana. Rulyrana is redefined and now includes 12 species by adding three species previously placed in Sachatamia genus.