A utilização da inteligência artificial na justiça criminal: possibilidades e limites

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Denise de Melo
• Orientador(a): Vasconcellos, Vinicius Gomes de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Católica de Brasília
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Stricto Sensu em Direito
• Departamento: Escola de Humanidades, Negócios e Direito
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Inteligência artificial; Poder Judiciário; Direito penal e processual penal; Viabilidade; Limites
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Artificial intelligence; Judiciary; Criminal law and criminal procedure; Feasibility; Limits
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO
• Link de acesso: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/3543

This dissertation focuses on analyzing the possibilities and limits of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in criminal justice. To this end, it begins with an overview of the historical evolution of artificial intelligence in the world and in the Brazilian Judiciary. Basic technical concepts about artificial intelligence are then elucidated, as well as analyzing the regulatory aspect of the subject in Brazil. After this level of knowledge, we move on to examine the possibilities and limits of using AI in criminal justice from three perspectives: theoretical, social and practical. From a theoretical perspective, the subject is approached from the perspective of legal hermeneutics, the philosophical paradigms that structure human knowledge, natural language and from a constitutional procedural perspective. From a social perspective, the use of AI is studied in the light of social biases, the capitalist system, the expansion of state control and punishment and from the perspective of the Economic Analysis of Law (EAL). Finally, the last perspective deals with practical cases, whether real or hypothetical, which demonstrate the possibilities of using AI in criminal law and criminal procedure, as well as situations in which its use is unfeasible. This dissertation was developed through a survey of publications, such as books, journals, theses and dissertations, aimed at comparing convergent and divergent points on the subject. This work is relevant in both the academic and social spheres, since it is especially useful to study the impacts of technological advances in the legal-criminal field, since it directly affects human freedom, one of the most valuable fundamental rights provided for in the 1988 Constitution. At the end of our studies, we concluded that criminal justice is not exempt from the influences of the advance of technology. Artificial intelligence can be used as a support tool in the criminal and criminal procedural field, but not in a generalized way, but restricted by limits in favor of preserving the rights and guarantees pertaining to human freedom and dignity.