Análise de marcadores do cromossomo Y em populações da região oriental do Paraguai

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Julyana da Silva Varela
• Orientador(a): Gusmão, Leonor
• Banca de defesa: Rebouças, Cíntia Barros Santos , Campos Junior, Mário
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: América do Sul; Paraguai; Marcadores STR; Cromossomo Y; Genética de populações; Polimorfismo (Genética); Paraguai Etnologia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: South America; Paraguay; STR markers; Y chromosome
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/16227

As for most South American populations, historical data point to a high ethnic diversity in Paraguay, resulting from the encounter between Native groups, the first to occupy the American continent, and European colonizers, and the later arrival of African as slave labor. Recent migrations from Europe and other South American countries are also expected to have shaped the current genetic structure of Paraguay. Y chromosome-specific markers(Y-STR) are widely used in population genetics, to infer paternal ancestry and male mediated movements between populations. Due to high mutation rates, Y-STRs are suitable to trace recent founder events and disclose genetic differences between closely related populations. The aim of this study was to characterize 23 Y-STR markers in a population sample from Paraguay, since no data is yet available for Y-STR in this population. Therefore, 537 unrelated males, living in seven departments from the eastern region of Paraguay, were genotyped using the PowerPlex® Y23 system, following manufacturer s instructions (Promega). A high haplotype diversity was found (0.9994), with 480 different haplotypes being present in the whole sample. When comparing samples from different departments, no statistically significant differences (FST ≤ 0.0043, non-differentiation p-valor≥ 0.0502, calculated for 50,000 permutations) were found, pointing to a genetic homogeneity of the paternal ancestry of the populations in the eastern region of Paraguay. Genetic distances (FST) were also calculated between Paraguay and other admixed populations from South America, as well as with European, African and native American populations. This analysis did not reveal significant differences with Argentina, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), São Paulo (Brazil) and Costa Rica, all very close to Iberian populations. Significant differences were found between Paraguay and Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama, most probably due to the higher native American paternal ancestry of these populations which were closer to the native populations included for comparison. The results allowed the insertion of the profiles in the database of Y chromosome haplotypes (YHRD) for the Paraguayan population, being the first time that the genetic profile of this population with Y-STR markers was evaluated.