S?ntese enzim?tica de ?steres met?licos a partir de ?leo de soja bruto

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Steinke, Gleici?li
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul; Brasil; Campus Laranjeiras do Sul; Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; UFFS
• Palavras-chave em Português: Combust?veis alternativos; Processos qu?micos; Lipase; Fosfolipase; Biocombust?veis
• Link de acesso: https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/2157

Biodiesel is characterized as an advantageous option for replacement of mineral diesel. However, the industrially used method, alkaline transesterification, generates a large volume of effluents and is limited to the use of raw materials with high added value, making it less competitive with mineral diesel. An alternative to the conventional method of biodiesel production is the enzymatic hydroesterification. In addition to allowing the use of low cost raw materials, the use of enzymes as catalysts has high catalytic efficiency under mild reaction conditions, biodegradability, reuse of the enzyme and reducing the volume of waste. Considering the above, the main objective of the present work was the production of methyl esters by the hydroesterification process of crude soybean oil, using the following enzymatic catalysts NS 40116, Lecitase Ultra and Quara LowP, purchased from Novozymes. In order to carry out this study, hydrolysis tests were initially carried out with 100 g of crude soybean oil, 4% (water-based oil), at 45?C, 200 rpm with 10 hours of reaction using different concentrations and combinations of catalysts. The best result, acidity index of 30.80% was obtained, using 5000ppm of NS40116 and 50ppm of LowP in a combined form. In a second step, hydrothermalification tests were also performed in different combinations and catalyst concentrations, under the following process conditions: 100 g of crude soybean oil, 2% (in water oil base), 1.5 equivalent of methanol - added gradually over the reaction in 12 additions, at 45 ?C and 200rpm. The best experimental condition was found using 5000ppm of NS 40116 and 50ppm of Quara LowP in a combined 72 hours of reaction, yielding a combined percentage of glycerol of 0.045% and a reduction of 88.28% of the content of phosphorus. In addition, this result was compared with that obtained by a two-step assay, first performing a degumming catalyzed by the enzyme Quara LowP, followed by hydroesterification catalysed by NS 40116, obtaining a reduction of 89.57% of phosphorus. However, from the industrial point of view, this process becomes impracticable, since in addition to involving more stages we used higher temperatures. The results obtained evidenced that the enzymatic hydroesterification in a single step is a promising methodology for the production of biodiesel using alternative raw material (crude soybean oil).