Produ??o em escala industrial de ?steres met?licos a partir de mat?rias-primas de baixo custo utilizando enzima livre comercial

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Mibielli, Guilherme Martinez
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil; UFSC
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biodiesel; Biocombust?veis; Impactos ambientais
• Link de acesso: https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/3030

The search for alternative and renewable energy sources is growing every year, due to the increase in world energy demand, and especially the environmental impacts that the current sources cause. With this, the production of renewable fuels has been highlighting in recent years, initially with the large production of alcohol, and more recently with the insertion of biodiesel. This biofuel has characteristics similar to petroleum diesel, with the advantage of reducing the impacts caused to the environment, making it a sustainable alternative of energy production. In the current process of biodiesel production, from basic homogeneous chemical catalysis, refined raw materials must be used, with low levels of free fatty acids and moisture. In this way, they compete directly with the food industry, increasing the price and hindering the return of the industries producing biodiesel. In this context, the purpose of this work was the industrial production of methyl esters from inexpensive raw materials by enzymatic route, using the commercial free enzyme Lipase NZ as a catalyst. During the work, raw materials with low added value were used, being classified into four groups. Initially the study of the performance of the enzyme Lipase NZ was performed, where it was observed that it does not transesterify the triglycerides. The transformation of the feedstock into methyl ester occurs by means of two independent processes, the hydrolysis of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols into free fatty acids and the esterification thereof into methyl esters. Subsequently, laboratoryscale (shaker) and pilot (1 m3 reactor) tests were performed in a batch mode, where the process variables were defined for the four classes of raw materials used. From the establishment of the variables in the laboratory, and confirmed in a pilot scale, industrial scale experiments were carried out in a 90 m3 reactor, obtaining good results. For the feedstock I, 95.6 % conversion of the initial free fatty acid and 0.16 % mass of the glycerin combined were obtained in 12 hours of reaction, for the feedstock II splitting the final acidity was 5.06 % and the glycerin combined in 0.22 % mass in 42 hours of the process, for the feedstock III, 3.43 % final acidity and 0.20 % mass glycerin combined were obtained in 24 hours of reaction and for the feedstock IV the final acidity content was 3.51% and the glycerin combined 0, 22 % mass, with 27 hours of process. In this way, the industrial production of methyl esters, by enzymatic route and with the use of residual greasy raw materials, is shown as a promising alternative to the process of production of biodiesel currently used.