Germinação, estabelecimento e multiplicação in vitro de Eugenia dysenterica DC. e Dipteryx alata Vogel, espécies frutíferas do cerrado

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Lívia Cristina da
• Orientador(a): Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu
• Banca de defesa: Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu, Ferreira, Luciano Domingues Bittencourt, Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Genetica e Melhoramentode Plantas
• Departamento: Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos - EAEA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Plantas nativas; Cultura de tecidos; Micropropagação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Native plants; Tissue culture; Micropropagation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: GENETICA::GENETICA VEGETAL
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4967

Dipteryx alata Vogel and Eugenia dysenterica DC. are Cerrado’s fruit tree threatened by habitat fragmentation and the predatory extractivism. Thus, it is essential to the study of techniques for the conservation and sustainable use of these species. The objective for this work was to establish protocols for micropropagation of these species from the in vitro germination of their seeds. Experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture ICB / UFG. Seeds of both species were divided into two groups: with coat and without coat. After pre-cleansing with detergent and alcohol 70%, seeds of D. alata were treated with four concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Seeds of E. dysenterica were treated with four concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and three of casugamicina. The seeds were inoculated in ½ MS and MS complete, with or without addition of charcoal. The lowest contamination percentage for E. dysenterica occurred with seeds without tegument soaked in 0.5% of active chlorine. To D. alata, the most effective treatment was with seed-coats soaked in 1.25% of active chlorine. For the germination of E. dysenterica, the seed coats were removed. The treatments used through complete MS and ½ MS. After inoculation, the seeds remained in a growth chamber in two distinct photoperiods: 16 h light or 24 hours of dark. The highest germination percentage for E. dysenterica, with 93%, occurred in complete MS medium in a 16h photoperiod. To D. alata, the highest germination percentage, 97.5%, occurred in complete MS medium without charcoal, in a 16h photoperiod. To verify the induction of shoots of both species, nodal segments were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BAP, the best treatment for multiplication of shoots in E dysenterica was with 4.0 mg.L-1 BAP. For D. alata, the best was 0.1 mg.L-1 NAA and 2.5 mg l-1 BAP. To study the roots and shoots from in vitro cultures inoculated in a MS or ½ MS supplemented with combinations of NAA, sucrose and activated charcoal. No satisfactory results occurred for rooting in any species. For E. dysenterica, the few seedlings that emitted roots did not stand the acclimatization. To D. alata, no emission of roots was detected, but there was the issue of shoots in all treatments, especially those inoculated in ½ MS. To obtain the callus, stem explants of D. alata, and leaf explants of E. dysenterica were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and 2.4 D. As a result, we obtained callus formation in D. alata with BAP, ranging from 0.0 mg L-1 to 1.0 mg.L-1, interacting with 2,4-D, ranging from 1.0 mg L-1 and 4.0 mg L-1. Leaf explants of E. dysenterica callus was obtained between 3.0 and 4.0 mg.L-1 of 2.4-D combined with 0.5 and 1.0 mg.L-1 BAP.