Monopolos e dyons em teorias de calibre não Abelianas com quebra da simetria de Lorentz: O caso do grupo SO(3)

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: DIAS, Marcos Lima
• Orientador(a): CASANA SIFUENTES, Rodolfo Alván
• Banca de defesa: SANTOS, Carlos Eudardo da Hora , SANTOS, Frederico Elias Passos dos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FÍSICA/CCET
• Departamento: DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA/CCET
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Defeitos topológicos; Monopolo; Dyon; Violação da simetria de Lorentz
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Topological defects; Monopole; Lorentz-violation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Física da Matéria Condensada
• Link de acesso: https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/1987

The theoretical study about the existence of magnetic monopole has begun by P. A. M. Dirac in 1931 and its main consequence has been the possibility of explaining the quantization of the electric charge. In Grand Uni cation Theories (GUT's), the magnetic monopole may appear as a topological defect by spontaneous symmetry break, in a process known as Higgs mechanism. The GUT's also predict the existence of a topological soliton which has both magnetic and electric charges: the so-called dyon. Theoretically, these particles are predicted very massive and abundant in the Universe. There are particular cases of monopole and dyon, called BPS's states, which have the smallest possible mass values, besides analytical solutions. In this work, we present some basic ideas about topology and homotopy; we describe the main points that have led to the development of the theoretical study of monopole and dyon both as topological solitons; and nally we investigate the e ects of the Lorentz-violating CPTeven terms in the Gauge (in particular, non birefringent one) and Higgs sectors on the BPS's states of the 't Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopole and of the Julia-Zee dyon, both given in the Georgi-Glashow SO(3) model.