Domicílios em insegurança alimentar e consumo da alimentação escolar entre crianças escolares brasileiras

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Dias, Mayara Leite das Neves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Brasil; Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT); UFMT CUC - Cuiabá; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo
• Palavras-chave em Português: Insegurança alimentar; Alimentação escolar; Criança; Inquéritos; Creches; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO; Food insecurity; School meals; Child; Surveys; Daycare centers
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/7300

Introduction: Food and Nutritional Security is defined as the right of all individuals to adequate food with frequent and permanent access to quality food, in satisfactory quantities, without affecting access to other fundamental needs. It is based on health-promoting dietary practices that respect cultural diversity and are environmentally, culturally, economically, and socially sustainable. Objective: To analyze the association between household food insecurity and the consumption of school meals in public schools among Brazilian schoolchildren. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Family Budget Survey, collected between May 2017 and 2018 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Of the 57,920 households surveyed, 17,588 had at least one child up to 9 years old. For this study, 19,947 children aged 2 to 9 years were considered, with 16,370 (82.1%) attending schools or daycare centers, and 12,951 of them in public schools and daycare centers (79.1% of those attending schools and daycare centers). The outcome variable for this study was the consumption of school meals, defined as the daily consumption of meals (breakfast, snack, lunch, or dinner). The independent variable of interest in this study is household food insecurity (FI), assessed by the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity, classified as moderate or severe insecurity, mild insecurity, and food security. Regarding sociodemographic variables, the following were considered: sex, age, and race/skin color of the child; sex, race/skin color, and education of the head of the family; per capita family income; number of residents, children, and adolescents in the household; location of the household in macro-regions and urban or rural areas. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals of the analyzed variables were calculated, and the association between the daily consumption of school meals (outcome) and the estimate of household FI was performed using Poisson regression models, controlled for sociodemographic variables that showed association at a significance level of 5% in bivariate analysis. Results: Of the 12,951 children aged 2 to 9 years, 87.7% consumed school-offered meals daily, with 62.9% in the 6 to 9 age group, 51.2% male, 40.5% living in families with 4-5 members, and 51.7% with a per capita family income of less than half a minimum wage. Over half of the children lived in households with some degree of FI, with 35.4% experiencing mild food insecurity and 19.7% moderate or severe insecurity. The prevalence of FI was higher among older children living in households with more residents and more children and adolescents, in households where the head of the family had lower education, was a woman, and of black or brown skin color. The prevalence of moderate or severe FI was higher among children in households with lower per capita family income, in the North and Northeast regions compared to other regions of the country, and in rural areas. FI was positively associated with the daily consumption of school meals (PR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01; 1.07). Conclusion: This result confirms our initial hypothesis that the National School Feeding Program serves students in vulnerable situations, contributing to the fight against food insecurity in the country.