Estado nutricional e risco de desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão em idosos institucionalizados

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Josefa Danielma Lopes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Enfermagem; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Enfermagem; Nursing; Idoso; Estado nutricional; Úlcera por pressão; Aged; Nutritional status; Pressure ulcers; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/7599

Introduction: The Brazilian population is aging at an increasing rate, especially in recent decades. Adequate food and good nutrition are essential to improve the lives of older people. Inadequate nutritional status affects the entire body system and can lead to weight loss, muscle atrophy and reduced tissue mass, and it is one of the most important factors in the etiology of pressure ulcers (PU), acting in its pathogenesis and its healing. Objective: To determine the association between the nutritional status classification and the risk scores for pressure ulcer development in institutionalized elderly. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based study, of quantitative approach, performed in long term care facilities for seniors in the city of João Pessoa / PB, Brazil. The population consisted of 321 elderly. Data were collected from January to December 2013. The Braden Scale and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) were used as instruments. Concerning the data analysis, absolute distribution and percentage were obtained, and inferential statistical techniques were employed, finally analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. The study was approved by the Committee on Ethics in Research of the Health Sciences Center/UFPB, according to Prot. n. 0468/12, CAEE: 02043712.4.0000.5188. Results: 243 (75.7%) of the 321 surveyed elderly were female, mean age of 81.09 years old. The average time of institutionalization corresponded to 62.21 months, about five years. According to the assessment of nutritional status by MNA®, 127 (39.6%) were at risk of malnutrition and 101 (35.5%) were malnourished. In the screening by MNA, 247 (77%) reported not having decreased their intake, 171 (53.3) showed no weight loss and 88 (27.4%) did not know. Regarding neuropsychological problems, 100 (31.2%) of them had mild dementia, and 78 (24.3%) presented dementia or severe depression; 103 (32.1%) were bedridden or used wheelchair, and 69 (21.5%) could walk. The association between the Braden Scale and the MNA was demonstrated statistically by the chi-square test, p <0.005. According to the logistic regression tests, the elderly with nutritional status at risk of malnutrition or malnourished are more likely to develop PU than those with adequate nutritional status. Conclusion: Senior citizens at risk of developing pressure ulcers can be identified early, through nutritional assessment, since the risk of developing PU can be directly correlated to malnutrition. It is essential, therefore, to establish prevention programs in long term care facilities for the aged to subsidize the interventions of the multidisciplinary health team in order to control risk factors, including nutritional parameters.