Caracteriza??o molecular de novas linhagens de Trypanosoma em aves no Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (RJ/MG) e na Zona da Mata Mineira (MG), Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Duarte, Rodrigo Gredilha
• Orientador(a): Santos, Huarrisson Azevedo
• Banca de defesa: Santos, Huarrisson Azevedo, Berto, Bruno Pereira, Barbosa, Alynne da Silva, Silva, Claudia Bezerra da, Dias, Roberto J?nio Pedroso
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias
• Departamento: Instituto de Veterin?ria
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Trypanosoma spp.; hemoparasitos; aves neotropicais; Mata Atl?ntica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: hemoparasites; neotropical birds; Atlantic Forest
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Medicina Veterin?ria
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5838

The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots on the planet due to the high richness of species and endemism, but the anthropic actions that occur in this biome have contributed to the fauna decline and particularly, infections by hemoparasites can be one more threat to birds of that ecosystem. Thus, understanding the diversity, distribution patterns and evolutionary aspects of these parasites in avian hosts is important for designing actions in conservation programs. In this study, blood samples from 188 wild birds were subjected to genetic analysis with conventional PCR using the 18S rDNA genes to identify Trypanosoma sp, resulting in a total of 10 positive samples; two specimens from the Itatiaia National Park (RJ/MG), Turdus flavipes (?) and T. albicollis, as well as in the capture areas belonging to the Zona da Mata Mineira for six individuals of the species Tachyphonus coronatus, a species of Thamnophilus caerulescens and one from Synallaxis spixi. Five clones from each PCR reaction were submitted to sequencing, totaling 15 sequences from each bird specimen evaluated. All 15 sequences obtained from T. albicollis and T. flavipes were identical to each other. In the six specimens of T. coronatus, five distinct sequences were observed. All sequences of T. caerulescens and S. spixi were identical to each other. Using the strategy of cloning different PCR reactions, it was possible to observe in one of the specimens of T. coronatus two distinct Trypanosoma sequences, which evidences a probable co-infection. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed the grouping of the seven new lineages with parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. The new lineages were grouped into two clades. The lineages JB03, JB04, JB05, ITA01 and ITA02 were grouped together with the species Trypanosoma bennetti. The lines JB01 and JB02 were grouped externally to the clades of the species T. avium, T. cullicavium and T. corvi. The new lineages of trypanosomes found in this study were grouped with lineages recorded in Europe, Asia and Africa. According to the evolutionary distance data obtained in the proposed study, we can observe that the same genetic lineages of Trypanosoma sp. is capable of infecting different species of birds, just as the same species of bird can be infected by more than one lineage of Trypanosoma sp. This study, in an unprecedented way, is the first to access the molecular diversity of parasites of the genus Trypanosoma in birds in Brazil. Until then, all studies related to avian trypanosomes were based mainly on reports of occurrence in blood smears from birds in studies focused on hemoparasites in general. For Brazil, this pioneering study provides possible methods to investigate the diversity of avian trypanosomes and shows the great potential that exists to be explored in this group of parasites. Based on the results of this study, we believe that Brazil, due to its territorial dimensions and the great biodiversity of host birds and insect vectors, may be one of the richest species of avian trypanosomes in the world.