Antipsicóticos em efluente hospitalar: ocorrência, método cromatográfico, avaliação de risco e ozonização

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Reichert, Jaqueline Fabiane
• Orientador(a): Martins, Ayrton Figueiredo
• Banca de defesa: Sirtori, Carla , Cabrera, Liziara da Costa , Bizzi, Cezar Augusto , Almeida, Carlos Alberto Araujo de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
• Departamento: Química
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Antipsicóticos; Efluente hospitalar; Microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva; Extração em fase sólida; Cromatografia líquida; Processos avançados de oxidação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Antipsychotics; Hospital effluent; Liquid-liquid-dispersive microextraction; Solid phase extraction; Liquid chromatography; Advanced oxidation processes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/16527

Residues of psychoactive drugs in environmental samples have received great attention in recent years due to the high consumption and the impacts they can cause to ecosystems and also to human health. The objective of this study was to establish chromatographic methods of HPLC-DAD-FLD and LC-ESI-MS, to verify the occurrence of six antipsychotic drugs (risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, clozapine, chlorpromazine and pimozide) in hospital effluent, in order to evaluate the preliminary ecotoxicological risk and to propose advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of analytes in the hospital effluent matrix. Initially, the solid-phase extraction and liquidliquid dispersion microextraction procedures were optimized through experimental designs and, subsequently, the procedures were validated as recommended by national and international rules. Both extraction procedures showed good linearity, quantification limits <1.4 μg L-1, good accuracy (recoveries from 70.2% to 101.2%) with RSD<20%, analytical curves with normal and homocedastic distribution and independent residuos for all the analytes. Extraction procedures were applied to quantify the six antipsychotics studied during a week of collection, in which olanzapine, clozapine, haloperidol, risperidone and chlorpromazine were found in at least one collection point. Preliminary assessment of the ecotoxicological risk was carried out through the risk quotient, and the analytes clozapine, chlorpromazine and risperidone show high environmental risk. Photolysis and ozonation processes were used to study the degradation of the antipsychotics. In both processes, the degradation of the selected pychodrugs was evaluated in hospital effluent with different pH values (5, 7 and 9) for 60 min. When comparing the process efficiencies, it can be concluded that the antipsychotics show greater degradation by the ozonization, and the degradation of all compounds was conform to a pseudo-first-order kinetics, in both processes. For the photolysis, the antipsychotic showing the lowest rate of degradation was clozapine, and chlorpromazine was degraded with higher efficiency. For this process, the half-life of the analytes ranged from 6.3 to 43.3 min. Applying ozonation, the antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine showed higher and lower degradation rates, and the half-life times ranged from 3.9 to 15.1 min, respectively. Thus, advanced oxidation processes prove to be alternates (preand / or post-treatment) pertinent to the removal of antipsychotic residues from the hospital effluent matrix, since such psychoactive drugs show properties of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity to non-target organisms.