Análise da paisagem como subsídio à gestão territorial no Quarta Colônia Geoparque Mundial da UNESCO – RS - Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Kiefer, Ana Paula
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• dARK ID: ark:/26339/001300001b8gh
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; Geografia; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Geossistema; Geoecologia; Patrimônio paisagístico; Geoparque Quarta Colônia; Unidades de paisagem; Geosystem; Geoecology; Landscape heritage; Quarta Colônia Geopark; Landscape units; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/34522

The landscape represents the current synthesis of structures and processes from different times. It is the physical materialization of history and geography that no longer exists. Because of this, by incorporating a systemic and dynamic bias, it goes beyond the exposure of the visible physiognomies of the Earth's surface, assuming a transtemporal and multifaceted role, with a diversity of meanings, values, forms and cultures. Based on these relationships between society and nature, heritage interpretations and the importance of the landscape for a given community are established. This research is inserted in this complex panorama and its main objective is to map and describe, based on geoecological theory, the landscape units of the Quarta Colônia UNESCO Global Geopark, a territory of 2,923 km2, composed of nine municipalities and located in the center of Rio Grande do Sul. The aim is to support a sustainable land use planning model to stimulate geotourism in this Geopark certified in 2023. The contribution of geoecology also permeates the geosystemic perspective, enabling an interpretation of the geographic space based on geo-bio-cultural interaction. The dialectical method and a systemic approach to the methodological issues of this study are initially adopted. Thus, the steps involve the organization of the cartographic base of the Quarta Colônia territory, with the preparation of maps of hypsometry, slope, relief features, hydrography, pedology and land use and cover, in addition to the map of landscape units, produced from the systematic interpretation of the information. To prepare the map of the UPs, an adaptation of the classic methodology of the French school was used, with the stages of generalization and cross-referencing of information, resulting in three macro units of the landscape: Southern Plateau Macro Unit, Plateau Slope Macro Unit and Central Plain Macro Unit. Based on this definition, nine homogeneous units were spatialized, based on the specific characteristics of relief, lithology and land use, called: Plateau Unit with predominance of soybeans, Plateau Unit with predominance of fields and presence of sparse forests, Plateau Unit with presence of polyculture and isolated forest fragments, Slope Unit with Deciduous Seasonal Forest, Slope Unit with embedded valleys, Slope Unit with witness hills, Plain Unit with polyculture and well-drained soils, Plain Unit with poorly drained soils and Plain Unit with Coxilhas do Pampa. After describing each landscape unit, in addition to the photographic records, it was possible to understand the spatial dynamics of the geosites and heritage sites inventoried in the Geopark, seeking to provide visitors with the maximum landscape experience. Based on the results found, it is concluded that the Geopark territory has a landscape diversity that needs to be better explored in terms of geotourism and territorial planning and organization. Specific studies need to be developed to consolidate the territory as an important destination in the global geotourism scenario. In addition, public and protection policies need to be created to protect the natural and cultural heritage of the territory, with emphasis on fossils, archaeological artifacts and native forests.