Diversidade molecular em espécies de trairões de complexo Hoplias lacerdae (Teleostei: Erythrinidae)

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Frederico Belei de
• Orientador(a): Santos, Jorge Abdala Dergam dos
• Banca de defesa: Kavalco, Karine Frehner , Matta, Sérgio Luis Pinto da , Feio, Renato Neves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Biologia Animal
• Departamento: Biologia e Manejo animal
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Peixes neotropicais; Hoplias lacerdae; Conservação; Espécies exóticas; Introdução de peixes neotropicais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Neotropical fish; Hoplias lacerdae; Conservation; Exotic species; Introduction of neotropical fishes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2240

The giant trahira of the Hoplias lacerdae group has been used in aquaculture for some decades in some regions of Brazil, where it has been spread as part of government policies. Because these activities may represent inadvertent introduction of exotic species, introgression and hybrid formation with natural populations, we carried out a molecular analysis using a fragment of ATP synthase (ATPase 6) on 70 specimens collected in 8 basins in southern and southeastern Brazil. The obtained fragment was 688 base-long and had 118 phylogenetically informative sites for maximum parsimony analysis. Best fit with molecular evolution models was GTR+I+G. Bayesian, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses yielded the same topology, indicating the existence of 2 well-supported haplogroups (haplogroups I e II). Haplogroup I included two subgroups, haplogroup IA with samples from eastern coastal, São Francisco and Upper Paraná basins and haplogroup IB with samples from Upper Paraná. Haplogroup IA also included the species Hoplias intermedius and Hoplias brasiliensis, while haplogroup IB was represented by specimens of H. intermedius, suggesting a paraphyletic relationship between these two species. Haplogroup II included Hoplias australis (haplogroup IIA) restricted to the upper Uruguay Basin and Hoplias lacerdae (haplogroup IIB) from the Doce, upper Paraná and upper Uruguay basins. Haplogroup I had 4 times less internal variation than haplogroup II. Low levels of genetic variation in the first haplogroup may reflect intense fish stocking in Minas Gerais state since the 80’s. The data underscores the need of a revision of the taxonomic status of H. brasiliensis and H. intermedius and a more thorough analysis of the genetic makeup of aquaculture stocks, which may include H. lacerdae genetic material.