Efeitos de sessão psicomotora sobre funções executivas em crianças

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Adriana Dantas de O. da
• Orientador(a): Vidal, Samuel Estevam
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Católica de Brasília
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Stricto Sensu em Educação Física
• Departamento: Escola de Saúde e Medicina
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cognição; Exercício físico; Função executiva
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Cognition; Physical exercise; Executive function
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Link de acesso: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/3305

Practicing physical activity regularly since childhood produces real gains in health, in the fight against obesity and associated chronic diseases, in social difficulties, in strengthening bones and muscles and improving cardiorespiratory conditioning, that is, in quality of life and longevity, as scientifically validated. However, neuroscience has been bringing new reflections, debates and research that establish direct relationships between physical exercise and the improvement of cognitive functions. The aim is to verify the effect of a psychomotor stimulation proposal on the executive functions of children through tests that will evaluate the acute effects of physical exercise (psychomotor stimulation) on the executive functions. It is believed that in an interventional session it is possible to observe significant results, to present relevant benefits, especially potentiated by the post-pandemic moment, in which children were physically absent from school spaces that promote body movement and offer psychomotor stimuli. The study will have a sample of 28 6 years old students, from the 1st year of Elementary School - initial years, from Secretaria do Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEEDF) – Região Administrativa de Águas Claras, School unit Caic Prof. Walter José de Moura. The children will be randomly selected, according to the inclusion criteria, including school attendance, parental consent and the child's assent; and among the exclusion criteria, students with physical limitations, pre-existing chronic diseases or functional disorders. For the purposes of controlling variables, the results of anthropometric data collection (IMC) and application of the Typical Day of Physical Activity and Food (DAFA) questionnaire will be considered – where only the part related to physical activity will be considered. When verifying an excess of individuals meeting the established requirements, recruitment will cover them, anticipating sample death. Two tests will be applied: the Trails Test for preschoolers (TT-PE) to assess cognitive flexibility; and the Flanker test for inhibitory control. These tests will evaluate the executive functions related to the acute effects resulting from the intervention through physical activity (psychomotor stimulation), of moderate to vigorous intensity, in comparison to the results obtained by a control session, by the same subjects, with low intensity interventional activity, both lasting 30 minutes. The study is characterized as descriptive and experimental with a quantitative research approach. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows/v.27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Generalized linear and gamma models were used to compare continuous variables (execution time, reaction time, correct answers and EEI) between groups. To determine the statistical significance, an alpha level of 0.05 will be adopted in all analyses. By comparing the results obtained in both groups, a significant effect of physical exercise on cognitive flexibility was observed (p= 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the duration of physical exercise and the children's cognition of inhibitory control. Thus, it is concluded that acute sessions of 30 minutes showed improvement in the performance of the Ttracks tests (part B) and that no type of worsening was identified in the results of the experimental group when compared to the control group, which did not perform any psychomotor intervention.