Entre neurotecnologias e direitos emergentes: a reconstrução da privacidade mental no horizonte pós-humano no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Hoss, Rafael Alfredo Weber
• Orientador(a): Santaella, Lucia
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias da Inteligência e Design Digital
• Departamento: Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Neurodireitos; Neurotecnologias; Pós-humano; Privacidade mental; Regulação tecnológica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Neurorights; Neurotechnologies; Post-human; Mental privacy; Neural sovereignty
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/45429

The dissemination of neurotechnologies, especially those aimed at direct consumer use, has triggered a paradigmatic shift in the ways brain activity is accessed, making it possible not only to monitor and collect neural data, but also to infer subjective mental states such as emotions, intentions, and preferences. In this context, this thesis starts from the premise that such transformations impose substantial challenges to the traditional legal frameworks for the protection of privacy and individual autonomy, requiring a critical revision of the classical categories of the fundamental right to privacy and of the very notion of the legal subject. The central objective of the research is to investigate, in light of the transformations brought about by emerging neurotechnologies, whether and to what extent mental privacy can and should be recognised as an autonomous fundamental right, embedded within a new field of normative protection that responds to the demands of a post-human world. To that end, the methodological path adopted is anchored in an interdisciplinary approach, mobilising references from legal studies, philosophy of technology, neuroscience, and contemporary critical theory. The thesis is structured in four chapters: the first presents neurotechnologies, their classifications and emerging applications, with an emphasis on brain-computer interface devices; the second explores the implications of these technologies in light of posthuman theories, identifying shifts in the constitution of the subject and of agency; the third examines the emergence of neurorights and the growing international articulation around the protection of the mind; finally, in addition to conducting a critical analysis of mental privacy as a legal category, identifying its gaps, tensions and potential as a fundamental right in the digital and neurotechnological era, the fourth chapter proposes a normative model for the Brazilian context, anchored in nine structuring principles: mental inviolability, neural sovereignty, cognitive autonomy, neurotechnological equity, collaborative and anticipatory governance, responsible innovation, algorithmic comprehensibility, robust accountability, and strict purpose with prohibition of neuroinformational reuse. The hypothesis guiding the investigation argues that the current frameworks for privacy protection are insufficient in the face of the intrusive and inferential capabilities of contemporary neurotechnologies, requiring the recognition of mental privacy as an autonomous fundamental right, capable of offering greater normative density for the protection of the human mind. The research also concludes that building effective regulation in this field demands not only legal innovation, but also an ethical-political commitment to inclusive, collaborative, and responsive forms of governance. As an original contribution, the thesis offers a concrete normative proposal for the Brazilian legal system, supported by robust theoretical references and aligned with the transformations of the human in light of the technomental expansion of the contemporary world